Töltsd le és telepítsd a nélkülözhetetlen betűtípusokat(s) Hogy megtekinthesd a Szanszkritot annak teljes fényében Olvass Transzliteráció (2) (magyar) hogy teljes mértékben átlásd a transzliterációs rendszert |
Tanulj Szanszkritul - Kifejezések 2 (magyar)
Általános kifejezések - 2. Rész
Introduction
Hi, Gabriel Pradīpaka again. This is my second document with usual phrases in Szanszkrit. Since this introduction is almost identical with that of the first document, if you already read it, you can skip this one.
Note that by "common phrases" I will also include mere "words", which are equally usual. I will order everything by using "sets" of twenty phrases. Maybe in the future, I will find a better way to order them in different categories, but for the time being, I prefer to do it so.
For the transliteration, I will use IAST (the International Alphabet of Szanszkrit Transliteration, which allows the proper accentuation to be clearly shown, if there is any, e.g. "sādhu" - "well done!") and ITRANS so that you can copy the phrase and then you paste it in the ITRANS windows of Itranslator99/2003 software in order to get a particular phrase in original Szanszkrit and international transliteration (IAST), if you wish so. There is an example on how to do it with Itranslator 99 regarding Szanszkrit names, but it is also valid "in general" for these common phrases and the other versions of Itranslator. Just copy the phrase in ITRANS and follow the same procedure as explained in that document. If there are any doubts, tell me.
Remember that Szanszkrit words generally undergo a process of metamorphosis when they form a phrase or sentence according to definite rules of Sandhi or combination. Anyway, my word-by-word translation will always tend to include their crude forms, i.e. without any mutation. Hence you will note that the words in the translation look mostly different when compared to those of the phrase.
A last thing: I will added clickable notes containing more explanatory information when necessary. Also, there will be often several ways to express something, as the Szanszkrit vocabulary is much larger than the English one, but I will have to "only" include the most common ones for the sake of convenience.
Important: All that is in brackets and italicized within the translation has been added by me in order to complete the sense of a particular phrase or sentence.
Let us get down to work!
Set of common phrases
1 | Devanāgarī | वर्षन्ति मेघाः |
वृष्टिर्मेघेभ्यः पतति | ||
IAST | Varṣanti meghāḥ | |
Vṛṣṭirmeghebhyaḥ patati | ||
ITRANS | varShanti meghAH | |
vR^iShTirmeghebhyaH patati | ||
Meaning | It rains [lit. "The clouds (meghāḥ) rain (varṣanti)"] |
|
It rains [lit. "Rain (vṛṣṭiḥ or vṛṣṭiḥ) falls down (patati) from the clouds (meghebhyaḥ)"] |
2 | Devanāgarī | अतिवर्षन्ति मेघाः |
अतिवृष्टिं कुर्वन्ति मेघाः | ||
IAST | Ativarṣanti meghāḥ | |
Ativṛṣṭiṁ kurvanti meghāḥ | ||
ITRANS | ativarShanti meghAH | |
ativR^iShTiM kurvanti meghAH | ||
Meaning | It rains heavily - It rains cats and dogs [lit. "The clouds (meghāḥ) rain heavily (ativarṣanti)"] |
|
It rains heavily - It rains cats and dogs [lit. "The clouds (meghāḥ) burst (kurvanti) with abundant rain (ativṛṣṭim)"] |
3 | Devanāgarī | उष्णीभवति |
IAST | Uṣṇībhavati | |
ITRANS | uShNIbhavati | |
Meaning | It is hot (uṣṇī-bhavati) |
4 | Devanāgarī | शीतलीभवति |
IAST | Śītalībhavati | |
ITRANS | shItalIbhavati | |
Meaning | It is cold (śītalī-bhavati) |
5 | Devanāgarī | आदिपश्चात् |
IAST | Ādipaścāt | |
ITRANS | AdipashcAt | |
Meaning | Sooner or later (ādi-paścāt) [lit. "In the beginning (ādi) (or) afterward (paścāt)"] |
6 | Devanāgarī | वरं मौनं न च वचनमनृतम् |
IAST | Varaṁ maunaṁ na ca vacanamanṛtam | |
ITRANS | varaM maunaM na ca vacanamanR^itam | |
Meaning | Silence is better than speaking untruth [lit. "Better (varam) silence (maunam) and (ca) not (na) speaking (vacanam) untruth (anṛtam)"]1 |
7 | Devanāgarī | वरमेको गुणी पुत्रो न च मूर्खशतैरपि |
IAST | Varameko guṇī putro na ca mūrkhaśatairapi | |
ITRANS | varameko guNI putro na ca mUrkhashatairapi | |
Meaning | Better (varam) one (ekaḥ) virtuous (guṇī) son (putraḥ) than (na ca... api) hundreds (śataiḥ) of fools (mūrkha)2 |
8 | Devanāgarī | वरं मृत्युर्न च दारिद्रम् |
IAST | Varaṁ mṛtyurna ca dāridram | |
ITRANS | varaM mR^ityurna ca dAridram | |
Meaning | Rather (varam) death (mṛtyuḥ) than (na ca) poverty (dāridram) |
9 | Devanāgarī | अपमानात्प्राणत्यागो विशिष्यते |
IAST | Apamānātprāṇatyāgo viśiṣyate | |
ITRANS | apamAnAtprANatyāgo vishiShyate | |
Meaning | Rather (viśiṣyate) death (prāṇa-tyāgaḥ) than dishonor (apamānāt)3 |
10 | Devanāgarī | रात्रिन्दिवम् |
रात्र्यहनी | ||
IAST | Rātrindivam | |
Rātryahanī | ||
ITRANS | rAtrindivam | |
rAtryahanI | ||
Meaning | Night and day (rātrindivam) | |
Night and day (rātryahanī)4 |
11 | Devanāgarī | वारं वारम् |
काले काले | ||
अनुवेलम् | ||
IAST | Vāraṁ vāram | |
Kāle kāle | ||
Anuvelam | ||
ITRANS | vAraM vAram | |
kAle kAle | ||
anuvelam | ||
Meaning | From time to time - Now and then (vāram vāram) | |
From time to time - Now and then (kāle kāle) | ||
From time to time - Now and then (anuvelam) |
12 | Devanāgarī | युगपत् |
एकपदे | ||
IAST | Yugapat | |
Ekapade | ||
ITRANS | yugapat | |
ekapade | ||
Meaning | At the same time (yugapat) | |
At the same time (ekapade) |
13 | Devanāgarī | आपाततस् |
IAST | Āpātatas | |
ITRANS | ApAtatas | |
Meaning | For the time being (āpātatas)5 |
14 | Devanāgarī | चिरम् |
चिरकालम् | ||
चिरात् | ||
IAST | Ciram | |
Cirakālam | ||
Cirāt | ||
ITRANS | ciram | |
cirakAlam | ||
cirAt | ||
Meaning | For a long time (ciram) | |
For a long time (cira-kālam) | ||
For a long time (cirāt) |
15 | Devanāgarī | किञ्चित्कालम् |
कियत्कालम् | ||
IAST | Kiñcitkālam | |
Kiyatkālam | ||
ITRANS | ki~ncitkAlam | |
kiyatkAlam | ||
Meaning | For a short time (kiñcid-kālam) | |
For a short time (kiyat-kālam) |
16 | Devanāgarī | इदानीम् |
अधुना | ||
IAST | Idānīm | |
Adhunā | ||
ITRANS | idAnIm | |
adhunA | ||
Meaning | Now (idānīm) | |
Now (adhunā) |
17 | Devanāgarī | साम्प्रतकाले |
अधुनातनकाले | ||
वर्तमानकाले | ||
अद्य | ||
IAST | Sāmpratakāle | |
Adhunātanakāle | ||
Vartamānakāle | ||
Adya | ||
ITRANS | sAmpratakAle | |
adhunAtanakAle | ||
vartamAnakAle | ||
adya | ||
Meaning | Nowadays (sāmprata-kāle) [lit. "At the present time (sāmprāta-kāle)"] |
|
Nowadays (adhunātana-kāle) [lit. "At the present time (adhunātana-kāle)"] |
||
Nowadays (vartamāna-kāle) [lit. "At the present time (vartamāna-kāle)"] |
||
Nowadays (adya) |
18 | Devanāgarī | न कथञ्चन |
IAST | Na kathañcana | |
ITRANS | na katha~ncana | |
Meaning | No way (na katham cana)!6 |
19 | Devanāgarī | दिष्ट्या |
IAST | Diṣṭyā | |
ITRANS | diShTyA | |
Meaning | Good luck (diṣṭyā)! |
20 | Devanāgarī | स्वस्ति |
मङ्गलं भूयात् | ||
शुभं भूयात् | ||
IAST | Svasti | |
Maṅgalaṁ bhūyāt | ||
Śubhaṁ bhūyāt | ||
ITRANS | svasti | |
ma~NgalaM bhUyAt | ||
shubhaM bhUyAt | ||
Meaning | God bless you (svasti)! | |
God bless you (maṅgalam bhūyāt)!7 [lit. "May there be (bhūyāt) happiness and welfare (maṅgalam)!"] |
||
God bless you (śubham bhūyāt)! [lit. "May there be (bhūyāt) auspiciousness (śubham)!"] |
1 The words "na ca" [lit. "and (ca) not (na)"] is sometimes used for expressing "than" in Szanszkrit, when you make a comparison.
2 The word "than" in the comparison is given by "na ca", lit. "and (ca) not (na)" (being "api" a mere word giving emphasis to the expression) together with the Instrumental case (plural number) of "śata" (one hundred), i.e. "śataiḥ".
3 On one hand, the compound "prāṇa-tyāgaḥ" literally means "abandonment (tyāgaḥ) of life (prāṇa)", i.e. suicide, death. Of course, I do not want you to commit suicide, either because of poverty or dishonor, hehe. They are just sayings. On the other hand, the word "apamānāt" means "than dishonor". In this case, the term "than" is indicated by the Ablative case, as "apamānāt" is the Ablative of "apamāna" (dishonor). This is commonly seen, i.e. the Ablative case is used to make comparisons, even though you can also use "na ca" as I mentioned above. In turn, "rather" is not here expressed by means of "varam", but the root "viśiṣ" (to be better), which is here conjugated in 3rd Person singular, Passive Voice: "it is better".
4 "Rātrindivam" is a special neuter compound formed from "rātri" (night) and "diva" (day). Anyway, the first word appears in the form of "rātrim" ("to the night", Accusative case), which is turned into "rātriṁ" and then in "rātrin" by the 11th Rule of Consonant Sandhi. Again, "rātryahanī" is a common Dvandva compound (See Compounds) containing two words "rātri" and "ahan" (derived from "ahar"- "day"), the latter being declined in Nominative, dual number.
5 Note that "āpātatas" also means "unexpectedly, suddenly, just now, etc.
6 The expression "katham cana" changes to "kathañcana" by the 11th Rule of Consonant Sandhi.
7 The word "bhūyāt" is the 3rd Person singular, Benedictive Mood, of the root "bhū" (to be, become). See Verbs documents for more information. Also note that any of the three expressions, being impersonal, may be addressed to "you, you both or you all", i.e. "you" in singular, dual or plural numbers.
Further Information
Ezt a dokumentumot Gabriel Pradīpaka, a website egyik társalapítója készítette, aki spirituális guru és aki a Szanszkrit nyelv és a Trika filozófiai rendszerben jártas.
Szanszkrit, Yoga és indiai filozófiával kapcsolatosan, vagy ha csupán hozzászólni, kérdezni szeretnél, esetleg hibára felhívni a figyelmet, bátran lépj kapcsolatba velünk: Ez az e-mail címünk.