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अष्टाध्यायी - व्याख्या
अध्याय ५ - उपध्याय ४
Introduction
This is the fifth chapter/fourth subchapter out of eight chapters/thirty-two subchapters अष्टाध्यायी consists of.
This work was written by the greatest Sanskrit grammarian of all time: Pāṇini, who lived about 500BCE in India.
This अष्टाध्यायी contains the entire set of rules controlling Sanskrit grammar. It is required reading for all Sanskrit scholars and also for those who want to go deep at Sanskrit grammar.
Now read अष्टाध्यायी and experience Supreme Delight.
Important: All that is in brackets and italicized within the translation has been added by me in order to complete the sense of a particular phrase or sentence. In turn, all that is between double hyphen (--...--) constitutes clarifying further information also added by me.
Aphorisms 1-10
५.४.१ पादशतस्य सङ्ख्याऽऽदेर्वीप्सायां वुन् लोपश्च।
5.4.1 Pādaśatasya saṅkhyā''dervīpsāyāṁ vun lopaśca|
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५.४.२ दण्डव्यवसर्गयोश्च।
5.4.2 Daṇḍavyavasargayośca|
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५.४.३ स्थूलादिभ्यः प्रकारवचने कन्।
5.4.3 Sthūlādibhyaḥ prakāravacane kan|
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५.४.४ अनत्यन्तगतौ क्तात्।
5.4.4 Anatyantagatau ktāt|
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५.४.५ न सामिवचने।
5.4.5 Na sāmivacane|
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५.४.६ बृहत्या आच्छादने।
5.4.6 Bṛhatyā ācchādane|
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५.४.७ अषडक्षाशितङ्ग्वलङ्कर्मालम्पुरुषाध्युत्तरपदात्खः।
5.4.7 Aṣaḍakṣāśitaṅgvalaṅkarmālampuruṣādhyuttarapadātkhaḥ|
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५.४.८ विभाषा अञ्चेरदिक्स्त्रियाम्।
5.4.8 Vibhāṣā añceradikstriyām|
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५.४.९ जात्यन्ताच्छ बन्धुनि।
5.4.9 Jātyantāccha bandhuni|
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५.४.१० स्थानान्ताद्विभाषा सस्थानेनेति चेत्।
5.4.10 Sthānāntādvibhāṣā sasthāneneti cet|
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Aphorisms 11-20
५.४.११ किमेत्तिङव्ययघादाम्वद्रव्यप्रकर्षे।
5.4.11 Kimettiṅavyayaghādāmvadravyaprakarṣe|
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५.४.१२ अमु च च्छन्दसि।
5.4.12 Amu ca cchandasi|
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५.४.१३ अनुगादिनष्ठक्।
5.4.13 Anugādinaṣṭhak|
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५.४.१४ णचः स्त्रियामञ्।
5.4.14 Ṇacaḥ striyāmañ|
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५.४.१५ अणिनुणः।
5.4.15 Aṇinuṇaḥ|
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५.४.१६ विसारिणो मत्स्ये।
5.4.16 Visāriṇo matsye|
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५.४.१७ सङ्ख्यायाः क्रियाऽभ्यावृत्तिगणने कृत्वसुच्।
5.4.17 Saṅkhyāyāḥ kriyā'bhyāvṛttigaṇane kṛtvasuc|
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५.४.१८ द्वित्रिचतुर्भ्यः सुच्।
5.4.18 Dvitricaturbhyaḥ suc|
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५.४.१९ एकस्य सकृच्च।
5.4.19 Ekasya sakṛcca|
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५.४.२० विभाषा बहोर्धाऽविप्रकृष्टकाले।
5.4.20 Vibhāṣā bahordhā'viprakṛṣṭakāle|
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Aphorisms 21-30
५.४.२१ तत्प्रकृतवचने मयट्।
5.4.21 Tatprakṛtavacane mayaṭ|
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५.४.२२ समूहवच्च बहुषु।
5.4.22 Samūhavacca bahuṣu|
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५.४.२३ अनन्तावसथेतिहभेषजाञ्ञ्यः।
5.4.23 Anantāvasathetihabheṣajāññyaḥ|
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५.४.२४ देवतान्तात्तादर्थ्ये यत्।
5.4.24 Devatāntāttādarthye yat|
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५.४.२५ पादार्घाभ्यां च।
5.4.25 Pādārghābhyāṁ ca|
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५.४.२६ अतिथेर्ञ्यः।
5.4.26 Atitherñyaḥ|
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५.४.२७ देवात्तल्।
5.4.27 Devāttal|
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५.४.२८ अवेः कः।
5.4.28 Aveḥ kaḥ|
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५.४.२९ यावादिभ्यः कन्।
5.4.29 Yāvādibhyaḥ kan|
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५.४.३० लोहितान्मणौ।
5.4.30 Lohitānmaṇau|
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Aphorisms 31-40
५.४.३१ वर्णे चानित्ये।
5.4.31 Varṇe cānitye|
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५.४.३२ रक्ते।
5.4.32 Rakte|
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५.४.३३ कालाच्च।
5.4.33 Kālācca|
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५.४.३४ विनयादिभ्यष्ठक्।
5.4.34 Vinayādibhyaṣṭhak|
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५.४.३५ वाचो व्याहृतार्थायाम्।
5.4.35 Vāco vyāhṛtārthāyām|
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५.४.३६ तद्युक्तात् कर्मणोऽण्।
5.4.36 Tadyuktāt karmaṇo'ṇ|
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५.४.३७ ओषधेरजातौ।
5.4.37 Oṣadherajātau|
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५.४.३८ प्रज्ञादिभ्यश्च।
5.4.38 Prajñādibhyaśca|
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५.४.३९ मृदस्तिकन्।
5.4.39 Mṛdastikan|
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५.४.४० सस्नौ प्रशंसायाम्।
5.4.40 Sasnau praśaṁsāyām|
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Aphorisms 41-50
५.४.४१ वृकज्येष्ठाभ्यां तिल्तातिलौ च च्छन्दसि।
5.4.41 Vṛkajyeṣṭhābhyāṁ tiltātilau ca cchandasi|
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५.४.४२ बह्वल्पार्थाच्छस् कारकादन्यतरस्याम्।
5.4.42 Bahvalpārthācchas kārakādanyatarasyām|
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५.४.४३ सङ्ख्यैकवचनाच्च वीप्सायाम्।
5.4.43 Saṅkhyaikavacanācca vīpsāyām|
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५.४.४४ प्रतियोगे पञ्चम्यास्तसिः।
5.4.44 Pratiyoge pañcamyāstasiḥ|
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५.४.४५ अपादाने चाहीयरुहोः।
5.4.45 Apādāne cāhīyaruhoḥ|
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५.४.४६ अतिग्रहाव्यथनक्षेपेष्वकर्तरि तृतीयायाः।
5.4.46 Atigrahāvyathanakṣepeṣvakartari tṛtīyāyāḥ|
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५.४.४७ हीयमानपापयोगाच्च।
5.4.47 Hīyamānapāpayogācca|
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५.४.४८ षष्ठ्या व्याश्रये।
5.4.48 Ṣaṣṭhyā vyāśraye|
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५.४.४९ रोगाच्चापनयने।
5.4.49 Rogāccāpanayane|
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५.४.५० अभूततद्भावे कृभ्वस्तियोगे सम्पद्यकर्तरि च्विः।
5.4.50 Abhūtatadbhāve kṛbhvastiyoge sampadyakartari cviḥ|
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Aphorisms 51-60
५.४.५१ अरुर्मनश्चक्षुश्चेतोरहोरजसां लोपश्च।
5.4.51 Arurmanaścakṣuścetorahorajasāṁ lopaśca|
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५.४.५२ विभाषा साति कार्त्स्न्ये।
5.4.52 Vibhāṣā sāti kārtsnye|
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५.४.५३ अभिविधौ सम्पदा च।
5.4.53 Abhividhau sampadā ca|
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५.४.५४ तदधीनवचने।
5.4.54 Tadadhīnavacane|
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५.४.५५ देये त्रा च।
5.4.55 Deye trā ca|
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५.४.५६ देवमनुष्यपुरुषमर्त्येभ्यो द्वितीयासप्तम्योर्बहुलम्।
5.4.56 Devamanuṣyapuruṣamartyebhyo dvitīyāsaptamyorbahulam|
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५.४.५७ अव्यक्तानुकरणाद्द्व्यजवरार्धादनितौ डाच्।
5.4.57 Avyaktānukaraṇāddvyajavarārdhādanitau ḍāc|
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५.४.५८ कृञो द्वितीयतृतीयशम्बबीजात् कृषौ।
5.4.58 Kṛño dvitīyatṛtīyaśambabījāt kṛṣau|
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५.४.५९ सङ्ख्यायाश्च गुणान्तायाः।
5.4.59 Saṅkhyāyāśca guṇāntāyāḥ|
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५.४.६० समयाच्च यापनायाम्।
5.4.60 Samayācca yāpanāyām|
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Aphorisms 61-70
५.४.६१ सपत्त्रनिष्पत्रादतिव्यथने।
5.4.61 Sapattraniṣpatrādativyathane|
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५.४.६२ निष्कुलान्निष्कोषणे।
5.4.62 Niṣkulānniṣkoṣaṇe|
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५.४.६३ सुखप्रियादानुलोम्ये।
5.4.63 Sukhapriyādānulomye|
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५.४.६४ दुःखात् प्रातिलोम्ये।
5.4.64 Duḥkhāt prātilomye|
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५.४.६५ शूलात् पाके।
5.4.65 Śūlāt pāke|
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५.४.६६ सत्यादशपथे।
5.4.66 Satyādaśapathe|
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५.४.६७ मद्रात् परिवापणे।
5.4.67 Madrāt parivāpaṇe|
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५.४.६८ समासान्ताः।
5.4.68 Samāsāntāḥ|
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५.४.६९ न पूजनात्।
5.4.69 Na pūjanāt|
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५.४.७० किमः क्षेपे।
5.4.70 Kimaḥ kṣepe|
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Aphorisms 71-80
५.४.७१ नञस्तत्पुरुषात्।
5.4.71 Nañastatpuruṣāt|
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५.४.७२ पथो विभाषा।
5.4.72 Patho vibhāṣā|
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५.४.७३ बहुव्रीहौ सङ्ख्येये डजबहुगणात्।
5.4.73 Bahuvrīhau saṅkhyeye ḍajabahugaṇāt|
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५.४.७४ ऋक्पूरप्धूःपथामानक्षे।
5.4.74 Ṛkpūrapdhūḥpathāmānakṣe|
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५.४.७५ अच् प्रत्यन्ववपूर्वात् सामलोम्नः।
5.4.75 Ac pratyanvavapūrvāt sāmalomnaḥ|
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५.४.७६ अक्ष्णोऽदर्शनात्।
5.4.76 Akṣṇo'darśanāt|
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५.४.७७ अचतुरविचतुरसुचतुरस्त्रीपुंसधेन्वनडुहर्क्सामवाङ्मनसाक्षिभ्रुवदारगवोर्वष्ठीवपदष्ठीवनक्तन्दिवरत्रिन्दिवाहर्दिवसरजसनिःश्रेयसपुरुषायुषद्व्यायुषत्र्यायुषर्ग्यजुषजातोक्षमहोक्षवृद्धोक्षोपशुनगोष्ठश्वाः।
5.4.77 Acaturavicaturasucaturastrīpuṁsadhenvanaḍuharksāmavāṅmanasākṣibhruvadāragavorvaṣṭhīvapadaṣṭhīvanaktandivaratrindivāhardivasarajasaniḥśreyasapuruṣāyuṣadvyāyuṣatryāyuṣargyajuṣajātokṣamahokṣavṛddhokṣopaśunagoṣṭhaśvāḥ|
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५.४.७८ ब्रह्महस्तिभ्याम् वर्च्चसः।
5.4.78 Brahmahastibhyām varccasaḥ|
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५.४.७९ अवसमन्धेभ्यस्तमसः।
5.4.79 Avasamandhebhyastamasaḥ|
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५.४.८० श्वसो वसीयःश्रेयसः।
5.4.80 Śvaso vasīyaḥśreyasaḥ|
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Aphorisms 81-90
५.४.८१ अन्ववतप्ताद्रहसः।
5.4.81 Anvavataptādrahasaḥ|
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५.४.८२ प्रतेरुरसः सप्तमीस्थात्।
5.4.82 Praterurasaḥ saptamīsthāt|
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५.४.८३ अनुगवमायामे।
5.4.83 Anugavamāyāme|
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५.४.८४ द्विस्तावा त्रिस्तावा वेदिः।
5.4.84 Dvistāvā tristāvā vediḥ|
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५.४.८५ उपसर्गादध्वनः।
5.4.85 Upasargādadhvanaḥ|
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५.४.८६ तत्पुरुषस्याङ्गुलेः सङ्ख्याऽव्ययादेः।
5.4.86 Tatpuruṣasyāṅguleḥ saṅkhyā'vyayādeḥ|
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५.४.८७ अहस्सर्वैकदेशसङ्ख्यातपुण्याच्च रात्रेः।
5.4.87 Ahassarvaikadeśasaṅkhyātapuṇyācca rātreḥ|
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५.४.८८ अह्नोऽह्न एतेभ्यः।
5.4.88 Ahno'hna etebhyaḥ|
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५.४.८९ न सङ्ख्याऽऽदेः समाहारे।
5.4.89 Na saṅkhyā''deḥ samāhāre|
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५.४.९० उत्तमैकाभ्यां च।
5.4.90 Uttamaikābhyāṁ ca|
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Aphorisms 91-100
५.४.९१ राजाऽहस्सखिभ्यष्टच्।
5.4.91 Rājā'hassakhibhyaṣṭac|
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५.४.९२ गोरतद्धितलुकि।
5.4.92 Gorataddhitaluki|
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५.४.९३ अग्राख्यायामुरसः।
5.4.93 Agrākhyāyāmurasaḥ|
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५.४.९४ अनोऽश्मायस्सरसाम् जातिसञ्ज्ञयोः।
5.4.94 Ano'śmāyassarasām jātisañjñayoḥ|
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५.४.९५ ग्रामकौटाभ्यां च तक्ष्णः।
5.4.95 Grāmakauṭābhyāṁ ca takṣṇaḥ|
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५.४.९६ अतेः शुनः।
5.4.96 Ateḥ śunaḥ|
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५.४.९७ उपमानादप्राणिषु।
5.4.97 Upamānādaprāṇiṣu|
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५.४.९८ उत्तरमृगपूर्वाच्च सक्थ्नः।
5.4.98 Uttaramṛgapūrvācca sakthnaḥ|
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५.४.९९ नावो द्विगोः।
5.4.99 Nāvo dvigoḥ|
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५.४.१०० अर्धाच्च।
5.4.100 Ardhācca|
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Aphorisms 101-110
५.४.१०१ खार्याः प्राचाम्।
5.4.101 Khāryāḥ prācām|
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५.४.१०२ द्वित्रिभ्यामञ्जलेः।
5.4.102 Dvitribhyāmañjaleḥ|
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५.४.१०३ अनसन्तान्नपुंसकाच्छन्दसि।
5.4.103 Anasantānnapuṁsakācchandasi|
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५.४.१०४ ब्रह्मणो जानपदाख्यायाम्।
5.4.104 Brahmaṇo jānapadākhyāyām|
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५.४.१०५ कुमहद्भ्यामन्यतरस्याम्।
5.4.105 Kumahadbhyāmanyatarasyām|
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५.४.१०६ द्वन्द्वाच्चुदषहान्तात् समाहारे।
5.4.106 Dvandvāccudaṣahāntāt samāhāre|
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५.४.१०७ अव्ययीभावे शरत्प्रभृतिभ्यः।
5.4.107 Avyayībhāve śaratprabhṛtibhyaḥ|
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५.४.१०८ अनश्च।
5.4.108 Anaśca|
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५.४.१०९ नपुंसकादन्यतरस्याम्।
5.4.109 Napuṁsakādanyatarasyām|
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५.४.११० नदीपौर्णमास्याग्रहायणीभ्यः।
5.4.110 Nadīpaurṇamāsyāgrahāyaṇībhyaḥ|
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Aphorisms 111-120
५.४.१११ झयः।
5.4.111 Jhayaḥ|
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५.४.११२ गिरेश्च सेनकस्य।
5.4.112 Gireśca senakasya|
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५.४.११३ बहुव्रीहौ सक्थ्यक्ष्णोः स्वाङ्गात् षच्।
5.4.113 Bahuvrīhau sakthyakṣṇoḥ svāṅgāt ṣac|
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५.४.११४ अङ्गुलेर्दारुणि।
5.4.114 Aṅgulerdāruṇi|
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५.४.११५ द्वित्रिभ्यां ष मूर्ध्नः।
5.4.115 Dvitribhyāṁ ṣa mūrdhnaḥ|
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५.४.११६ अप् पूरणीप्रमाण्योः।
5.4.116 Ap pūraṇīpramāṇyoḥ|
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५.४.११७ अन्तर्बहिर्भ्यां च लोम्नः।
5.4.117 Antarbahirbhyāṁ ca lomnaḥ|
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५.४.११८ अञ्नासिकायाः सञ्ज्ञायां नसं चास्थूलात्।
5.4.118 Añnāsikāyāḥ sañjñāyāṁ nasaṁ cāsthūlāt|
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५.४.११९ उपसर्गाच्च।
5.4.119 Upasargācca|
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५.४.१२० सुप्रातसुश्वसुदिवशारिकुक्षचतुरश्रैणीपदाजपदप्रोष्ठपदाः।
5.4.120 Suprātasuśvasudivaśārikukṣacaturaśraiṇīpadājapadaproṣṭhapadāḥ|
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Aphorisms 121-130
५.४.१२१ नञ्दुःसुभ्यो हलिसक्थ्योरन्यतरस्याम्।
5.4.121 Nañduḥsubhyo halisakthyoranyatarasyām|
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५.४.१२२ नित्यमसिच् प्रजामेधयोः।
5.4.122 Nityamasic prajāmedhayoḥ|
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५.४.१२३ बहुप्रजाश्छन्दसि।
5.4.123 Bahuprajāśchandasi|
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५.४.१२४ धर्मादनिच् केवलात्।
5.4.124 Dharmādanic kevalāt|
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५.४.१२५ जम्भा सुहरिततृणसोमेभ्यः।
5.4.125 Jambhā suharitatṛṇasomebhyaḥ|
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५.४.१२६ दक्षिणेर्मा लुब्धयोगे।
5.4.126 Dakṣiṇermā lubdhayoge|
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५.४.१२७ इच् कर्मव्यतिहारे।
5.4.127 Ic karmavyatihāre|
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५.४.१२८ द्विदण्ड्यादिभ्यश्च।
5.4.128 Dvidaṇḍyādibhyaśca|
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५.४.१२९ प्रसम्भ्यां जानुनोर्ज्ञुः।
5.4.129 Prasambhyāṁ jānunorjñuḥ|
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५.४.१३० ऊर्ध्वाद्विभाषा।
5.4.130 Ūrdhvādvibhāṣā|
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Aphorisms 131-140
५.४.१३१ ऊधसोऽनङ्।
5.4.131 Ūdhaso'naṅ|
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५.४.१३२ धनुषश्च।
5.4.132 Dhanuṣaśca|
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५.४.१३३ वा सञ्ज्ञायाम्।
5.4.133 Vā sañjñāyām|
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५.४.१३४ जायाया निङ्।
5.4.134 Jāyāyā niṅ|
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५.४.१३५ गन्धस्येदुत्पूतिसुसुरभिभ्यः।
5.4.135 Gandhasyedutpūtisusurabhibhyaḥ|
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५.४.१३६ अल्पाख्यायाम्।
5.4.136 Alpākhyāyām|
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५.४.१३७ उपमानाच्च।
5.4.137 Upamānācca|
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५.४.१३८ पादस्य लोपोऽहस्त्यादिभ्यः।
5.4.138 Pādasya lopo'hastyādibhyaḥ|
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५.४.१३९ कुम्भपदीषु च।
5.4.139 Kumbhapadīṣu ca|
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५.४.१४० सङ्ख्यासुपूर्वस्य।
5.4.140 Saṅkhyāsupūrvasya|
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Aphorisms 141-150
५.४.१४१ वयसि दन्तस्य दतृ।
5.4.141 Vayasi dantasya datṛ|
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५.४.१४२ छन्दसि च।
5.4.142 Chandasi ca|
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५.४.१४३ स्त्रियां सञ्ज्ञायाम्।
5.4.143 Striyāṁ sañjñāyām|
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५.४.१४४ विभाषा श्यावारोकाभ्याम्।
5.4.144 Vibhāṣā śyāvārokābhyām|
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५.४.१४५ अग्रान्तशुद्धशुभ्रवृषवराहेभ्यश्च।
5.4.145 Agrāntaśuddhaśubhravṛṣavarāhebhyaśca|
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५.४.१४६ ककुदस्यावस्थायां लोपः।
5.4.146 Kakudasyāvasthāyāṁ lopaḥ|
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५.४.१४७ त्रिककुत् पर्वते।
5.4.147 Trikakut parvate|
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५.४.१४८ उद्विभ्यां काकुदस्य।
5.4.148 Udvibhyāṁ kākudasya|
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५.४.१४९ पूर्णाद्विभाषा।
5.4.149 Pūrṇādvibhāṣā|
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५.४.१५० सुहृद्दुर्हृदौ मित्रामित्रयोः।
5.4.150 Suhṛddurhṛdau mitrāmitrayoḥ|
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Aphorisms 151-160
५.४.१५१ उरःप्रभृतिभ्यः कप्।
5.4.151 Uraḥprabhṛtibhyaḥ kap|
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५.४.१५२ इनः स्त्रियाम्।
5.4.152 Inaḥ striyām|
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५.४.१५३ नद्यृतश्च।
5.4.153 Nadyṛtaśca|
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५.४.१५४ शेषाद्विभाषा।
5.4.154 Śeṣādvibhāṣā|
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५.४.१५५ न सञ्ज्ञायाम्।
5.4.155 Na sañjñāyām|
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५.४.१५६ ईयसश्च।
5.4.156 Īyasaśca|
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५.४.१५७ वन्दिते भ्रातुः।
5.4.157 Vandite bhrātuḥ|
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५.४.१५८ ऋतश्छन्दसि।
5.4.158 Ṛtaśchandasi|
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५.४.१५९ नाडीतन्त्र्योः स्वाङ्गे।
5.4.159 Nāḍītantryoḥ svāṅge|
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५.४.१६० निष्प्रवाणिश्च।
5.4.160 Niṣpravāṇiśca|
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EXPLANATION IS IN PROGRESS WITH NO POLISHING YET
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