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अष्टाध्यायी - व्याख्या
अध्याय ४ - उपध्याय ४
Introduction
This is the fourth chapter/fourth subchapter out of eight chapters/thirty-two subchapters अष्टाध्यायी consists of.
This work was written by the greatest Sanskrit grammarian of all time: Pāṇini, who lived about 500BCE in India.
This अष्टाध्यायी contains the entire set of rules controlling Sanskrit grammar. It is required reading for all Sanskrit scholars and also for those who want to go deep at Sanskrit grammar.
Now read अष्टाध्यायी and experience Supreme Delight.
Important: All that is in brackets and italicized within the translation has been added by me in order to complete the sense of a particular phrase or sentence. In turn, all that is between double hyphen (--...--) constitutes clarifying further information also added by me.
Aphorisms 1-10
४.४.१ प्राग्वहतेष्ठक्।
4.4.1 Prāgvahateṣṭhak|
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४.४.२ तेन दीव्यति खनति जयति जितम्।
4.4.2 Tena dīvyati khanati jayati jitam|
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४.४.३ संस्कृतम्।
4.4.3 Saṁskṛtam|
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४.४.४ कुलत्थकोपधादण्।
4.4.4 Kulatthakopadhādaṇ|
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४.४.५ तरति।
4.4.5 Tarati|
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४.४.६ गोपुच्छाट्ठञ्।
4.4.6 Gopucchāṭṭhañ|
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४.४.७ नौद्व्यचष्ठन्।
4.4.7 Naudvyacaṣṭhan|
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४.४.८ चरति।
4.4.8 Carati|
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४.४.९ आकर्षात् ष्ठल्।
4.4.9 Ākarṣāt ṣṭhal|
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४.४.१० पर्पादिभ्यः ष्ठन्।
4.4.10 Parpādibhyaḥ ṣṭhan|
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Aphorisms 11-20
४.४.११ श्वगणाट्ठञ्च।
4.4.11 Śvagaṇāṭṭhañca|
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४.४.१२ वेतनादिभ्यो जीवति।
4.4.12 Vetanādibhyo jīvati|
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४.४.१३ वस्नक्रयविक्रयाट्ठन्।
4.4.13 Vasnakrayavikrayāṭṭhan|
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४.४.१४ आयुधाच्छ च।
4.4.14 Āyudhāccha ca|
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४.४.१५ हरत्युत्सङ्गादिभ्यः।
4.4.15 Haratyutsaṅgādibhyaḥ|
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४.४.१६ भस्त्राऽऽदिभ्यः ष्ठन्।
4.4.16 Bhastrā''dibhyaḥ ṣṭhan|
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४.४.१७ विभाषा विवधवीवधात्।
4.4.17 Vibhāṣā vivadhavīvadhāt|
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४.४.१८ अण् कुटिलिकायाः।
4.4.18 Aṇ kuṭilikāyāḥ|
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४.४.१९ निर्वृत्तेऽक्षद्यूतादिभ्यः।
4.4.19 Nirvṛtte'kṣadyūtādibhyaḥ|
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४.४.२० क्त्रेर्मम् नित्यं।
4.4.20 Ktrermam nityaṁ|
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Aphorisms 21-30
४.४.२१ अपमित्ययाचिताभ्यां कक्कनौ।
4.4.21 Apamityayācitābhyāṁ kakkanau|
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४.४.२२ संसृष्टे।
4.4.22 Saṁsṛṣṭe|
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४.४.२३ चूर्णादिनिः।
4.4.23 Cūrṇādiniḥ|
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४.४.२४ लवणाल्लुक्।
4.4.24 Lavaṇālluk|
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४.४.२५ मुद्गादण्।
4.4.25 Mudgādaṇ|
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४.४.२६ व्यञ्जनैरुपसिक्ते।
4.4.26 Vyañjanairupasikte|
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४.४.२७ ओजस्सहोऽम्भसा वर्तते।
4.4.27 Ojassaho'mbhasā vartate|
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४.४.२८ तत् प्रत्यनुपूर्वमीपलोमकूलम्।
4.4.28 Tat pratyanupūrvamīpalomakūlam|
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४.४.२९ परिमुखं च।
4.4.29 Parimukhaṁ ca|
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४.४.३० प्रयच्छति गर्ह्यम्।
4.4.30 Prayacchati garhyam|
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Aphorisms 31-40
४.४.३१ कुसीददशैकादशात् ष्ठन्ष्ठचौ।
4.4.31 Kusīdadaśaikādaśāt ṣṭhanṣṭhacau|
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४.४.३२ उञ्छति।
4.4.32 Uñchati|
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४.४.३३ रक्षति।
4.4.33 Rakṣati|
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४.४.३४ शब्ददर्दुरं करोति।
4.4.34 Śabdadarduraṁ karoti|
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४.४.३५ पक्षिमत्स्यमृगान् हन्ति।
4.4.35 Pakṣimatsyamṛgān hanti|
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४.४.३६ परिपन्थं च तिष्ठति।
4.4.36 Paripanthaṁ ca tiṣṭhati|
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४.४.३७ माथोत्तरपदपदव्यनुपदं धावति।
4.4.37 Māthottarapadapadavyanupadaṁ dhāvati|
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४.४.३८ आक्रन्दाट्ठञ्च।
4.4.38 Ākrandāṭṭhañca|
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४.४.३९ पदोत्तरपदं गृह्णाति।
4.4.39 Padottarapadaṁ gṛhṇāti|
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४.४.४० प्रतिकण्ठार्थललामं च।
4.4.40 Pratikaṇṭhārthalalāmaṁ ca|
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Aphorisms 41-50
४.४.४१ धर्मं चरति।
4.4.41 Dharmaṁ carati|
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४.४.४२ प्रतिपथमेति ठंश्च।
4.4.42 Pratipathameti ṭhaṁśca|
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४.४.४३ समवायान् समवैति।
4.4.43 Samavāyān samavaiti|
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४.४.४४ परिषदो ण्यः।
4.4.44 Pariṣado ṇyaḥ|
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४.४.४५ सेनाया वा।
4.4.45 Senāyā vā|
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४.४.४६ सञ्ज्ञायां ललाटकुक्कुट्यौ पश्यति।
4.4.46 Sañjñāyāṁ lalāṭakukkuṭyau paśyati|
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४.४.४७ तस्य धर्म्यम्।
4.4.47 Tasya dharmyam|
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४.४.४८ अण् महिष्यादिभ्यः।
4.4.48 Aṇ mahiṣyādibhyaḥ|
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४.४.४९ ऋतोऽञ्।
4.4.49 Ṛto'ñ|
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४.४.५० अवक्रयः।
4.4.50 Avakrayaḥ|
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Aphorisms 51-60
४.४.५१ तदस्य पण्यम्।
4.4.51 Tadasya paṇyam|
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४.४.५२ लवणाट्ठञ्।
4.4.52 Lavaṇāṭṭhañ|
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४.४.५३ किशरादिभ्यः ष्ठन्।
4.4.53 Kiśarādibhyaḥ ṣṭhan|
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४.४.५४ शलालुनोऽन्यतरस्याम्।
4.4.54 Śalāluno'nyatarasyām|
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४.४.५५ शिल्पम्।
4.4.55 Śilpam|
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४.४.५६ मड्डुकझर्झरादणन्यतरस्याम्।
4.4.56 Maḍḍukajharjharādaṇanyatarasyām|
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४.४.५७ प्रहरणम्।
4.4.57 Praharaṇam|
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४.४.५८ परश्वधाट्ठञ्च।
4.4.58 Paraśvadhāṭṭhañca|
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४.४.५९ शक्तियष्ट्योरीकक्।
4.4.59 Śaktiyaṣṭyorīkak|
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४.४.६० अस्तिनास्तिदिष्टं मतिः।
4.4.60 Astināstidiṣṭaṁ matiḥ|
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Aphorisms 61-70
४.४.६१ शीलम्।
4.4.61 Śīlam|
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४.४.६२ छत्रादिभ्यो णः।
4.4.62 Chatrādibhyo ṇaḥ|
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४.४.६३ कर्माध्ययने वृत्तम्।
4.4.63 Karmādhyayane vṛttam|
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४.४.६४ बह्वच्पूर्वपदाट्ठच्।
4.4.64 Bahvacpūrvapadāṭṭhac|
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४.४.६५ हितं भक्षाः।
4.4.65 Hitaṁ bhakṣāḥ|
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४.४.६६ तदस्मै दीयते नियुक्तम्।
4.4.66 Tadasmai dīyate niyuktam|
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४.४.६७ श्राणामांसौदनाट्टिठन्।
4.4.67 Śrāṇāmāṁsaudanāṭṭiṭhan|
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४.४.६८ भक्तादणन्यतरस्याम्।
4.4.68 Bhaktādaṇanyatarasyām|
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४.४.६९ तत्र नियुक्तः।
4.4.69 Tatra niyuktaḥ|
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४.४.७० अगारान्ताट्ठन्।
4.4.70 Agārāntāṭṭhan|
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Aphorisms 71-80
४.४.७१ अध्यायिन्यदेशकालात्।
4.4.71 Adhyāyinyadeśakālāt|
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४.४.७२ कठिनान्तप्रस्तारसंस्थानेषु व्यवहरति।
4.4.72 Kaṭhināntaprastārasaṁsthāneṣu vyavaharati|
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४.४.७३ निकटे वसति।
4.4.73 Nikaṭe vasati|
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४.४.७४ आवसथात् ष्ठल्।
4.4.74 Āvasathāt ṣṭhal|
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४.४.७५ प्राग्घिताद्यत्।
4.4.75 Prāgghitādyat|
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४.४.७६ तद्वहति रथयुगप्रासङ्गम्।
4.4.76 Tadvahati rathayugaprāsaṅgam|
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४.४.७७ धुरो यड्ढकौ।
4.4.77 Dhuro yaḍḍhakau|
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४.४.७८ खः सर्वधुरात्।
4.4.78 Khaḥ sarvadhurāt|
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४.४.७९ एकधुराल्लुक् च।
4.4.79 Ekadhurālluk ca|
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४.४.८० शकटादण्।
4.4.80 Śakaṭādaṇ|
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Aphorisms 81-90
४.४.८१ हलसीराट्ठक्।
4.4.81 Halasīrāṭṭhak|
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४.४.८२ सञ्ज्ञायां जन्याः।
4.4.82 Sañjñāyāṁ janyāḥ|
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४.४.८३ विध्यत्यधनुषा।
4.4.83 Vidhyatyadhanuṣā|
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४.४.८४ धनगणं लब्धा।
4.4.84 Dhanagaṇaṁ labdhā|
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४.४.८५ अन्नाण्णः।
4.4.85 Annāṇṇaḥ|
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४.४.८६ वशं गतः।
4.4.86 Vaśaṁ gataḥ|
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४.४.८७ पदमस्मिन् दृश्यम्।
4.4.87 Padamasmin dṛśyam|
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४.४.८८ मूलमस्याबर्हि।
4.4.88 Mūlamasyābarhi|
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४.४.८९ सञ्ज्ञायां धेनुष्या।
4.4.89 Sañjñāyāṁ dhenuṣyā|
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४.४.९० गृहपतिना संयुक्ते ञ्यः।
4.4.90 Gṛhapatinā saṁyukte ñyaḥ|
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Aphorisms 91-100
४.४.९१ नौवयोधर्मविषमूलमूलसीतातुलाभ्यस्तार्यतुल्यप्राप्यवध्यानाम्यसमसमितसम्मितेषु।
4.4.91 Nauvayodharmaviṣamūlamūlasītātulābhyastāryatulyaprāpyavadhyānāmyasamasamitasammiteṣu|
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४.४.९२ धर्मपथ्यर्थन्यायादनपेते।
4.4.92 Dharmapathyarthanyāyādanapete|
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४.४.९३ छन्दसो निर्मिते।
4.4.93 Chandaso nirmite|
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४.४.९४ उरसोऽण् च।
4.4.94 Uraso'ṇ ca|
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४.४.९५ हृदयस्य प्रियः।
4.4.95 Hṛdayasya priyaḥ|
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४.४.९६ बन्धने चर्षौ।
4.4.96 Bandhane carṣau|
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४.४.९७ मतजनहलात् करणजल्पकर्षेषु।
4.4.97 Matajanahalāt karaṇajalpakarṣeṣu|
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४.४.९८ तत्र साधुः।
4.4.98 Tatra sādhuḥ|
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४.४.९९ प्रतिजनादिभ्यः खञ्।
4.4.99 Pratijanādibhyaḥ khañ|
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४.४.१०० भक्ताण्णः।
4.4.100 Bhaktāṇṇaḥ|
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Aphorisms 101-110
४.४.१०१ परिषदो ण्यः।
4.4.101 Pariṣado ṇyaḥ|
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४.४.१०२ कथाऽऽदिभ्यष्ठक्।
4.4.102 Kathā''dibhyaṣṭhak|
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४.४.१०३ गुडादिभ्यष्ठञ्।
4.4.103 Guḍādibhyaṣṭhañ|
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४.४.१०४ पथ्यतिथिवसतिस्वपतेर्ढञ्।
4.4.104 Pathyatithivasatisvapaterḍhañ|
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४.४.१०५ सभाया यः।
4.4.105 Sabhāyā yaḥ|
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४.४.१०६ ढश्छन्दसि।
4.4.106 Ḍhaśchandasi|
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४.४.१०७ समानतीर्थे वासी।
4.4.107 Samānatīrthe vāsī|
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४.४.१०८ समानोदरे शयित ओ चोदात्तः।
4.4.108 Samānodare śayita o codāttaḥ|
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४.४.१०९ सोदराद्यः।
4.4.109 Sodarādyaḥ|
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४.४.११० भवे छन्दसि।
4.4.110 Bhave chandasi|
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Aphorisms 111-120
४.४.१११ पाथोनदीभ्यां ड्यण्।
4.4.111 Pāthonadībhyāṁ ḍyaṇ|
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४.४.११२ वेशन्तहिमवद्भ्यामण्।
4.4.112 Veśantahimavadbhyāmaṇ|
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४.४.११३ स्रोतसो विभाषा ड्यड्ड्यौ।
4.4.113 Srotaso vibhāṣā ḍyaḍḍyau|
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४.४.११४ सगर्भसयूथसनुताद्यन्।
4.4.114 Sagarbhasayūthasanutādyan|
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४.४.११५ तुग्राद्घन्।
4.4.115 Tugrādghan|
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४.४.११६ अग्राद्यत्।
4.4.116 Agrādyat|
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४.४.११७ घच्छौ च।
4.4.117 Ghacchau ca|
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४.४.११८ समुद्राभ्राद्घः।
4.4.118 Samudrābhrādghaḥ|
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४.४.११९ बर्हिषि दत्तम्।
4.4.119 Barhiṣi dattam|
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४.४.१२० दूतस्य भागकर्मणी।
4.4.120 Dūtasya bhāgakarmaṇī|
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Aphorisms 121-130
४.४.१२१ रक्षोयातूनां हननी।
4.4.121 Rakṣoyātūnāṁ hananī|
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४.४.१२२ रेवतीजगतीहविष्याभ्यः प्रशस्ये।
4.4.122 Revatījagatīhaviṣyābhyaḥ praśasye|
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४.४.१२३ असुरस्य स्वम्।
4.4.123 Asurasya svam|
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४.४.१२४ मायायामण्।
4.4.124 Māyāyāmaṇ|
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४.४.१२५ तद्वानासामुपधानो मन्त्र इतीष्टकासु लुक् च मतोः।
4.4.125 Tadvānāsāmupadhāno mantra itīṣṭakāsu luk ca matoḥ|
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४.४.१२६ अश्विमानण्।
4.4.126 Aśvimānaṇ|
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४.४.१२७ वयस्यासु मूर्ध्नो मतुप्।
4.4.127 Vayasyāsu mūrdhno matup|
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४.४.१२८ मत्वर्थे मासतन्वोः।
4.4.128 Matvarthe māsatanvoḥ|
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४ ४.१२९ मधोर्ञ च।
4 4.129 Madhorña ca|
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४.४.१३० ओजसोऽहनि यत्खौ।
4.4.130 Ojaso'hani yatkhau|
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Aphorisms 131-140
४.४.१३१ वेशोयशादेर्भगाद्यल्।
4.4.131 Veśoyaśāderbhagādyal|
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४.४.१३२ ख च।
4.4.132 Kha ca|
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४.४.१३३ पूर्वैः कृतमिनियौ च।
4.4.133 Pūrvaiḥ kṛtaminiyau ca|
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४.४.१३४ अद्भिः संस्कृतम्।
4.4.134 Adbhiḥ saṁskṛtam|
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४.४.१३५ सहस्रेण सम्मितौ घः।
4.4.135 Sahasreṇa sammitau ghaḥ|
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४.४.१३६ मतौ च।
4.4.136 Matau ca|
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४.४.१३७ सोममर्हति यः।
4.4.137 Somamarhati yaḥ|
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४.४.१३८ मये च।
4.4.138 Maye ca|
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४.४.१३९ मधोः।
4.4.139 Madhoḥ|
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४.४.१४० वसोः समूहे च।
4.4.140 Vasoḥ samūhe ca|
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Aphorisms 141-144
४.४.१४१ नक्षत्राद्घः।
4.4.141 Nakṣatrādghaḥ|
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४.४.१४२ सर्वदेवात् तातिल्।
4.4.142 Sarvadevāt tātil|
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४.४.१४३ शिवशमरिष्टस्य करे।
4.4.143 Śivaśamariṣṭasya kare|
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४.४.१४४ भावे च।
4.4.144 Bhāve ca|
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EXPLANATION IS IN PROGRESS WITH NO POLISHING YET
Further Information
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