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अष्टाध्यायी - व्याख्या
अध्याय २ - उपध्याय १
Introduction
This is the second chapter/first subchapter out of eight chapters/thirty-two subchapters अष्टाध्यायी consists of.
This work was written by the greatest Sanskrit grammarian of all time: Pāṇini, who lived about 500BCE in India.
This अष्टाध्यायी contains the entire set of rules controlling Sanskrit grammar. It is required reading for all Sanskrit scholars and also for those who want to go deep at Sanskrit grammar.
Now read अष्टाध्यायी and experience Supreme Delight.
Important: All that is in brackets and italicized within the translation has been added by me in order to complete the sense of a particular phrase or sentence. In turn, all that is between double hyphen (--...--) constitutes clarifying further information also added by me.
Aphorisms 1-10
२.१.१ समर्थः पदविधिः।
2.1.1 Samarthaḥ padavidhiḥ|
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२.१.२ सुबामन्त्रिते पराङ्गवत् स्वरे।
2.1.2 Subāmantrite parāṅgavat svare|
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२.१.३ प्राक् कडारात् समासः।
2.1.3 Prāk kaḍārāt samāsaḥ|
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२.१.४ सह सुपा।
2.1.4 Saha supā|
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२.१.५ अव्ययीभावः।
2.1.5 Avyayībhāvaḥ|
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२.१.६ अव्ययं विभक्तिसमीपसमृद्धिव्यृद्ध्यर्थाभावात्ययासम्प्रतिशब्दप्रादुर्भावपश्चाद्यथाऽऽनुपूर्व्ययौगपद्यसादृश्यसम्पत्तिसाकल्यान्तवचनेषु।
2.1.6 Avyayaṁ vibhaktisamīpasamṛddhivyṛddhyarthābhāvātyayāsampratiśabdaprādurbhāvapaścādyathā''nupūrvyayaugapadyasādṛśyasampattisākalyāntavacaneṣu|
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२.१.७ यथाऽसादृये।
2.1.7 Yathā'sādṛye|
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२.१.८ यावदवधारणे।
2.1.8 Yāvadavadhāraṇe|
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२.१.९ सुप्प्रतिना मात्राऽर्थे।
2.1.9 Suppratinā mātrā'rthe|
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२.१.१० अक्षशलाकासङ्ख्याः परिणा।
2.1.10 Akṣaśalākāsaṅkhyāḥ pariṇā|
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Aphorisms 11-20
२.१.११ विभाषा।
2.1.11 Vibhāṣā|
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२.१.१२ अपपरिबहिरञ्चवः पञ्चम्या।
2.1.12 Apaparibahirañcavaḥ pañcamyā|
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२.१.१३ आङ् मर्यादाऽभिविध्योः।
2.1.13 Āṅ maryādā'bhividhyoḥ|
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२.१.१४ लक्षणेनाभिप्रती आभिमुख्ये।
2.1.14 Lakṣaṇenābhipratī ābhimukhye|
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२.१.१५ अनुर्यत्समया।
2.1.15 Anuryatsamayā|
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२.१.१६ यस्य चायामः।
2.1.16 Yasya cāyāmaḥ|
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२.१.१७ तिष्ठद्गुप्रभृतीनि च।
2.1.17 Tiṣṭhadguprabhṛtīni ca|
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२.१.१८ पारे मध्ये षष्ठ्या वा।
2.1.18 Pāre madhye ṣaṣṭhyā vā|
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२.१.१९ सङ्ख्या वंश्येन।
2.1.19 Saṅkhyā vaṁśyena|
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२.१.२० नदीभिश्च।
2.1.20 Nadībhiśca|
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Aphorisms 21-30
२.१.२१ अन्यपदार्थे च सञ्ज्ञायाम्।
2.1.21 Anyapadārthe ca sañjñāyām|
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२.१.२२ तत्पुरुषः।
2.1.22 Tatpuruṣaḥ|
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२.१.२३ द्विगुश्च।
2.1.23 Dviguśca|
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२.१.२४ द्वितीया श्रितातीतपतितगतात्यस्तप्राप्तापन्नैः।
2.1.24 Dvitīyā śritātītapatitagatātyastaprāptāpannaiḥ|
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२.१.२५ स्वयं क्तेन।
2.1.25 Svayaṁ ktena|
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२.१.२६ खट्वा क्षेपे।
2.1.26 Khaṭvā kṣepe|
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२.१.२७ सामि।
2.1.27 Sāmi|
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२.१.२८ कालाः।
2.1.28 Kālāḥ|
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२.१.२९ अत्यन्तसंयोगे च।
2.1.29 Atyantasaṁyoge ca|
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२.१.३० तृतीया तत्कृतार्थेन गुणवचनेन।
2.1.30 Tṛtīyā tatkṛtārthena guṇavacanena|
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Aphorisms 31-40
२.१.३१ पूर्वसदृशसमोनार्थकलहनिपुणमिश्रश्लक्ष्णैः।
2.1.31 Pūrvasadṛśasamonārthakalahanipuṇamiśraślakṣṇaiḥ|
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२.१.३२ कर्तृकरणे कृता बहुलम्।
2.1.32 Kartṛkaraṇe kṛtā bahulam|
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२.१.३३ कृत्यैरधिकार्थवचने।
2.1.33 Kṛtyairadhikārthavacane|
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२.१.३४ अन्नेन व्यञ्जनम्।
2.1.34 Annena vyañjanam|
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२.१.३५ भक्ष्येण मिश्रीकरणम्।
2.1.35 Bhakṣyeṇa miśrīkaraṇam|
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२.१.३६ चतुर्थी तदर्थार्थबलिहितसुखरक्षितैः।
2.1.36 Caturthī tadarthārthabalihitasukharakṣitaiḥ|
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२.१.३७ पञ्चमी भयेन।
2.1.37 Pañcamī bhayena|
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२.१.३८ अपेतापोढमुक्तपतितापत्रस्तैरल्पशः।
2.1.38 Apetāpoḍhamuktapatitāpatrastairalpaśaḥ|
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२.१.३९ स्तोकान्तिकदूरार्थकृच्छ्राणि क्तेन।
2.1.39 Stokāntikadūrārthakṛcchrāṇi ktena|
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२.१.४० सप्तमी शौण्डैः।
2.1.40 Saptamī śauṇḍaiḥ|
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Aphorisms 41-50
२.१.४१ सिद्धशुष्कपक्वबन्धैश्च।
2.1.41 Siddhaśuṣkapakvabandhaiśca|
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२.१.४२ ध्वाङ्क्षेण क्षेपे।
2.1.42 Dhvāṅkṣeṇa kṣepe|
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२.१.४३ कृत्यैरृणे।
2.1.43 Kṛtyairṛṇe|
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२.१.४४ सञ्ज्ञायाम्।
2.1.44 Sañjñāyām|
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२.१.४५ क्तेनाहोरात्रावयवाः।
2.1.45 Ktenāhorātrāvayavāḥ|
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२.१.४६ तत्र।
2.1.46 Tatra|
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२.१.४७ क्षेपे।
2.1.47 Kṣepe|
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२.१.४८ पात्रेसमितादयश्च।
2.1.48 Pātresamitādayaśca|
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२.१.४९ पूर्वकालैकसर्वजरत्पुराणनवकेवलाः समानाधिकरणेन।
2.1.49 Pūrvakālaikasarvajaratpurāṇanavakevalāḥ samānādhikaraṇena|
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२.१.५० दिक्सङ्ख्ये सञ्ज्ञायाम्।
2.1.50 Diksaṅkhye sañjñāyām|
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Aphorisms 51-60
२.१.५१ तद्धितार्थोत्तरपदसमाहारे च।
2.1.51 Taddhitārthottarapadasamāhāre ca|
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२.१.५२ सङ्ख्यापूर्वो द्विगुः।
2.1.52 Saṅkhyāpūrvo dviguḥ|
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२.१.५३ कुत्सितानि कुत्सनैः।
2.1.53 Kutsitāni kutsanaiḥ|
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२.१.५४ पापाणके कुत्सितैः।
2.1.54 Pāpāṇake kutsitaiḥ|
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२.१.५५ उपमानानि सामान्यवचनैः।
2.1.55 Upamānāni sāmānyavacanaiḥ|
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२.१.५६ उपमितं व्याघ्रादिभिः सामान्याप्रयोगे।
2.1.56 Upamitaṁ vyāghrādibhiḥ sāmānyāprayoge|
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२.१.५७ विशेषणं विशेष्येण बहुलम्।
2.1.57 Viśeṣaṇaṁ viśeṣyeṇa bahulam|
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२.१.५८ पूर्वापरप्रथमचरमजघन्यसमानमध्यमध्यमवीराश्च।
2.1.58 Pūrvāparaprathamacaramajaghanyasamānamadhyamadhyamavīrāśca|
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२.१.५९ श्रेण्यादयः कृतादिभिः।
2.1.59 Śreṇyādayaḥ kṛtādibhiḥ|
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२.१.६० क्तेन नञ्विशिष्टेनानञ्।
2.1.60 Ktena nañviśiṣṭenānañ|
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Aphorisms 61-70
२.१.६१ सन्महत्परमोत्तमोत्कृष्टाः पूज्यमानैः।
2.1.61 Sanmahatparamottamotkṛṣṭāḥ pūjyamānaiḥ|
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२.१.६२ वृन्दारकनागकुञ्जरैः पूज्यमानम्।
2.1.62 Vṛndārakanāgakuñjaraiḥ pūjyamānam|
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२.१.६३ कतरकतमौ जातिपरिप्रश्ने।
2.1.63 Katarakatamau jātiparipraśne|
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२.१.६४ किं क्षेपे।
2.1.64 Kiṁ kṣepe|
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२.१.६५ पोटायुवतिस्तोककतिपयगृष्टिधेनुवशावेहत्बष्कयणीप्रवक्तॄश्रोत्रियाध्यापकधूर्तैर्जातिः।
2.1.65 Poṭāyuvatistokakatipayagṛṣṭidhenuvaśāvehatbaṣkayaṇīpravaktṝśrotriyādhyāpakadhūrtairjātiḥ|
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२.१.६६ प्रशंसावचनैश्च।
2.1.66 Praśaṁsāvacanaiśca|
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२.१.६७ युवा खलतिपलितवलिनजरतीभिः।
2.1.67 Yuvā khalatipalitavalinajaratībhiḥ|
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२.१.६८ कृत्यतुल्याख्या अजात्या।
2.1.68 Kṛtyatulyākhyā ajātyā|
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२.१.६९ वर्णो वर्णेन।
2.1.69 Varṇo varṇena|
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२.१.७० कुमारः श्रमणाऽऽदिभिः।
2.1.70 Kumāraḥ śramaṇā''dibhiḥ|
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Aphorisms 71-72
२.१.७१ चतुष्पादो गर्भिण्या।
2.1.71 Catuṣpādo garbhiṇyā|
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२.१.७२ मयूरव्यंसकादयश्च।
2.1.72 Mayūravyaṁsakādayaśca|
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EXPLANATION IS IN PROGRESS WITH NO POLISHING YET
Further Information
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