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अष्टाध्यायी - व्याख्या
अध्याय ४ - उपध्याय १
Introduction
This is the fourth chapter/first subchapter out of eight chapters/thirty-two subchapters अष्टाध्यायी consists of.
This work was written by the greatest Sanskrit grammarian of all time: Pāṇini, who lived about 500BCE in India.
This अष्टाध्यायी contains the entire set of rules controlling Sanskrit grammar. It is required reading for all Sanskrit scholars and also for those who want to go deep at Sanskrit grammar.
Now read अष्टाध्यायी and experience Supreme Delight.
Important: All that is in brackets and italicized within the translation has been added by me in order to complete the sense of a particular phrase or sentence. In turn, all that is between double hyphen (--...--) constitutes clarifying further information also added by me.
Aphorisms 1-10
४.१.१ ङ्याप्प्रातिपदिकात्।
4.1.1 Ṅyāpprātipadikāt|
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४.१.२ स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्।
4.1.2 Svaujasamauṭchaṣṭābhyāmbhisṅebhyāmbhyasṅasibhyāmbhyasṅasosāmṅyossup|
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४.१.३ स्त्रियाम्।
4.1.3 Striyām|
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४.१.४ अजाद्यतष्टाप्।
4.1.4 Ajādyataṣṭāp|
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४.१.५ ऋन्नेभ्यो ङीप्।
4.1.5 Ṛnnebhyo ṅīp|
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४.१.६ उगितश्च।
4.1.6 Ugitaśca|
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४.१.७ वनो र च।
4.1.7 Vano ra ca|
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४.१.८ पादोऽन्यतरस्याम्।
4.1.8 Pādo'nyatarasyām|
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४.१.९ टाबृचि।
4.1.9 Ṭābṛci|
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४.१.१० न षट्स्वस्रादिभ्यः।
4.1.10 Na ṣaṭsvasrādibhyaḥ|
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Aphorisms 11-20
४.१.११ मनः।
4.1.11 Manaḥ|
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४.१.१२ अनो बहुव्रीहेः।
4.1.12 Ano bahuvrīheḥ|
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४.१.१३ डाबुभाभ्यामन्यतरस्याम्।
4.1.13 Ḍābubhābhyāmanyatarasyām|
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४.१.१४ अनुपसर्जनात्।
4.1.14 Anupasarjanāt|
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४.१.१५ टिड्ढाणञ्द्वयसज्दघ्नञ्मात्रच्तयप्ठक्ठङ्कङ्क्वरपः।
4.1.15 Ṭiḍḍhāṇañdvayasajdaghnañmātractayapṭhakṭhaṅkaṅkvarapaḥ|
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४.१.१६ यञश्च।
4.1.16 Yañaśca|
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४.१.१७ प्राचां ष्फ तद्धितः।
4.1.17 Prācāṁ ṣpha taddhitaḥ|
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४.१.१८ सर्वत्र लोहितादिकतान्तेभ्यः।
4.1.18 Sarvatra lohitādikatāntebhyaḥ|
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४.१.१९ कौरव्यमाण्डूकाभ्यां च।
4.1.19 Kauravyamāṇḍūkābhyāṁ ca|
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४.१.२० वयसि प्रथमे।
4.1.20 Vayasi prathame|
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Aphorisms 21-30
४.१.२१ द्विगोः।
4.1.21 Dvigoḥ|
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४.१.२२ अपरिमाणबिस्ताचितकम्बल्येभ्यो न तद्धितलुकि।
4.1.22 Aparimāṇabistācitakambalyebhyo na taddhitaluki|
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४.१.२३ काण्डान्तात् क्षेत्रे।
4.1.23 Kāṇḍāntāt kṣetre|
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४.१.२४ पुरुषात् प्रमाणेऽन्यतरस्याम्।
4.1.24 Puruṣāt pramāṇe'nyatarasyām|
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४.१.२५ बहुव्रीहेरूधसो ङीष्।
4.1.25 Bahuvrīherūdhaso ṅīṣ|
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४.१.२६ सङ्ख्याऽव्ययादेर्ङीप्।
4.1.26 Saṅkhyā'vyayāderṅīp|
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४.१.२७ दामहायनान्ताच्च।
4.1.27 Dāmahāyanāntācca|
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४.१.२८ अन उपधालोपिनोन्यतरस्याम्।
4.1.28 Ana upadhālopinonyatarasyām|
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४.१.२९ नित्यं सञ्ज्ञाछन्दसोः।
4.1.29 Nityaṁ sañjñāchandasoḥ|
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४.१.३० केवलमामकभागधेयपापापरसमानार्यकृतसुमङ्गलभेषजाच्च।
4.1.30 Kevalamāmakabhāgadheyapāpāparasamānāryakṛtasumaṅgalabheṣajācca|
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Aphorisms 31-40
४.१.३१ रात्रेश्चाजसौ।
4.1.31 Rātreścājasau|
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४.१.३२ अन्तर्वत्पतिवतोर्नुक्।
4.1.32 Antarvatpativatornuk|
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४.१.३३ पत्युर्नो यज्ञसंयोगे।
4.1.33 Patyurno yajñasaṁyoge|
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४.१.३४ विभाषा सपूर्वस्य।
4.1.34 Vibhāṣā sapūrvasya|
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४.१.३५ नित्यं सपत्न्यादिषु।
4.1.35 Nityaṁ sapatnyādiṣu|
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४.१.३६ पूतक्रतोरै च।
4.1.36 Pūtakratorai ca|
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४.१.३७ वृषाकप्यग्निकुसितकुसीदानामुदात्तः।
4.1.37 Vṛṣākapyagnikusitakusīdānāmudāttaḥ|
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४.१.३८ मनोरौ वा।
4.1.38 Manorau vā|
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४.१.३९ वर्णादनुदात्तात्तोपधात्तो नः।
4.1.39 Varṇādanudāttāttopadhātto naḥ|
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४.१.४० अन्यतो ङीष्।
4.1.40 Anyato ṅīṣ|
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Aphorisms 41-50
४.१.४१ षिद्गौरादिभ्यश्च।
4.1.41 Ṣidgaurādibhyaśca|
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४.१.४२ जानपदकुण्डगोणस्थलभाजनागकालनीलकुशकामुककबराद्वृत्त्यमत्रावपनाकृत्रिमाश्राणास्थौल्यवर्णानाच्छादनायोविकारमैथुनेच्छाकेशवेशेषु।
4.1.42 Jānapadakuṇḍagoṇasthalabhājanāgakālanīlakuśakāmukakabarādvṛttyamatrāvapanākṛtrimāśrāṇāsthaulyavarṇānācchādanāyovikāramaithunecchākeśaveśeṣu|
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४.१.४३ शोणात् प्राचाम्।
4.1.43 Śoṇāt prācām|
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४.१.४४ वोतो गुणवचनात्।
4.1.44 Voto guṇavacanāt|
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४.१.४५ बह्वादिभ्यश्च।
4.1.45 Bahvādibhyaśca|
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४.१.४६ नित्यं छन्दसि।
4.1.46 Nityaṁ chandasi|
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४.१.४७ भुवश्च।
4.1.47 Bhuvaśca|
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४.१.४८ पुंयोगादाख्यायाम्।
4.1.48 Puṁyogādākhyāyām|
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४.१.४९ इन्द्रवरुणभवशर्वरुद्रमृडहिमारण्ययवयवनमातुलाचार्याणामानुक्।
4.1.49 Indravaruṇabhavaśarvarudramṛḍahimāraṇyayavayavanamātulācāryāṇāmānuk|
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४.१.५० क्रीतात् करणपूर्वात्।
4.1.50 Krītāt karaṇapūrvāt|
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Aphorisms 51-60
४.१.५१ क्तादल्पाख्यायाम्।
4.1.51 Ktādalpākhyāyām|
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४.१.५२ बहुव्रीहेश्चान्तोदात्तात्।
4.1.52 Bahuvrīheścāntodāttāt|
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४.१.५३ अस्वाङ्गपूर्वपदाद्वा।
4.1.53 Asvāṅgapūrvapadādvā|
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४.१.५४ स्वाङ्गाच्चोपसर्जनादसंयोगोपधात्।
4.1.54 Svāṅgāccopasarjanādasaṁyogopadhāt|
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४.१.५५ नासिकोदरौष्ठजङ्घादन्तकर्णशृङ्गाच्च।
4.1.55 Nāsikodarauṣṭhajaṅghādantakarṇaśṛṅgācca|
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४.१.५६ न क्रोडादिबह्वचः।
4.1.56 Na kroḍādibahvacaḥ|
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४.१.५७ सहनञ्विद्यमानपूर्वाच्च।
4.1.57 Sahanañvidyamānapūrvācca|
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४.१.५८ नखमुखात् सञ्ज्ञायाम्।
4.1.58 Nakhamukhāt sañjñāyām|
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४.१.५९ दीर्घजिह्वी च च्छन्दसि।
4.1.59 Dīrghajihvī ca cchandasi|
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४.१.६० दिक्पूर्वपदान्ङीप्।
4.1.60 Dikpūrvapadānṅīp|
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Aphorisms 61-70
४.१.६१ वाहः।
4.1.61 Vāhaḥ|
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४.१.६२ सख्यशिश्वीति भाषायाम्।
4.1.62 Sakhyaśiśvīti bhāṣāyām|
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४.१.६३ जातेरस्त्रीविषयादयोपधात्।
4.1.63 Jāterastrīviṣayādayopadhāt|
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४.१.६४ पाककर्णपर्णपुष्पफलमूलबालोत्तरपदाच्च।
4.1.64 Pākakarṇaparṇapuṣpaphalamūlabālottarapadācca|
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४.१.६५ इतो मनुष्यजातेः।
4.1.65 Ito manuṣyajāteḥ|
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४.१.६६ ऊङुतः।
4.1.66 Ūṅutaḥ|
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४.१.६७ बाह्वन्तात् सञ्ज्ञायाम्।
4.1.67 Bāhvantāt sañjñāyām|
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४.१.६८ पङ्गोश्च।
4.1.68 Paṅgośca|
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४.१.६९ ऊरूत्तरपदादौपम्ये।
4.1.69 Ūrūttarapadādaupamye|
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४.१.७० संहितशफलक्षणवामादेश्च।
4.1.70 Saṁhitaśaphalakṣaṇavāmādeśca|
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Aphorisms 71-80
४.१.७१ कद्रुकमण्डल्वोश्छन्दसि।
4.1.71 Kadrukamaṇḍalvośchandasi|
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४.१.७२ सञ्ज्ञायाम्।
4.1.72 Sañjñāyām|
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४.१.७३ शार्ङ्गरवाद्यञो ङीन्।
4.1.73 Śārṅgaravādyaño ṅīn|
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४.१.७४ यङश्चाप्।
4.1.74 Yaṅaścāp|
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४.१.७५ आवट्याच्च।
4.1.75 Āvaṭyācca|
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४.१.७६ तद्धिताः।
4.1.76 Taddhitāḥ|
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४.१.७७ यूनस्तिः।
4.1.77 Yūnastiḥ|
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४.१.७८ अणिञोरनार्षयोर्गुरूपोत्तमयोः ष्यङ् गोत्रे।
4.1.78 Aṇiñoranārṣayorgurūpottamayoḥ ṣyaṅ gotre|
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४.१.७९ गोत्रावयवात्।
4.1.79 Gotrāvayavāt|
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४.१.८० क्रौड्यादिभ्यश्च।
4.1.80 Krauḍyādibhyaśca|
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Aphorisms 81-90
४.१.८१ दैवयज्ञिशौचिवृक्षिसात्यमुग्रिकाण्ठेविद्धिभ्योऽन्यतरस्याम्।
4.1.81 Daivayajñiśaucivṛkṣisātyamugrikāṇṭheviddhibhyo'nyatarasyām|
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४.१.८२ समर्थानां प्रथमाद्वा।
4.1.82 Samarthānāṁ prathamādvā|
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४.१.८३ प्राग्दीव्यतोऽण्।
4.1.83 Prāgdīvyato'ṇ|
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४.१.८४ अश्वपत्यादिभ्यश्च।
4.1.84 Aśvapatyādibhyaśca|
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४.१.८५ दित्यदित्यादित्यपत्युत्तरपदाण्ण्यः।
4.1.85 Dityadityādityapatyuttarapadāṇṇyaḥ|
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४.१.८६ उत्सादिभ्योऽञ्।
4.1.86 Utsādibhyo'ñ|
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४.१.८७ स्त्रीपुंसाभ्यां नञ्स्नञौ भवनात्।
4.1.87 Strīpuṁsābhyāṁ nañsnañau bhavanāt|
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४.१.८८ द्विगोर्लुगनपत्ये।
4.1.88 Dvigorluganapatye|
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४.१.८९ गोत्रेऽलुगचि।
4.1.89 Gotre'lugaci|
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४.१.९० यूनि लुक्।
4.1.90 Yūni luk|
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Aphorisms 91-100
४.१.९१ फक्फिञोरन्यतरस्याम्।
4.1.91 Phakphiñoranyatarasyām|
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४.१.९२ तस्यापत्यम्।
4.1.92 Tasyāpatyam|
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४.१.९३ एको गोत्रे।
4.1.93 Eko gotre|
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४.१.९४ गोत्राद्यून्यस्त्रियाम्।
4.1.94 Gotrādyūnyastriyām|
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४.१.९५ अत इञ्।
4.1.95 Ata iñ|
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४.१.९६ बाह्वादिभ्यश्च।
4.1.96 Bāhvādibhyaśca|
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४.१.९७ सुधातुरकङ् च।
4.1.97 Sudhāturakaṅ ca|
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४.१.९८ गोत्रे कुञ्जादिभ्यश्च्फञ्।
4.1.98 Gotre kuñjādibhyaścphañ|
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४.१.९९ नडादिभ्यः फक्।
4.1.99 Naḍādibhyaḥ phak|
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४.१.१०० हरितादिभ्योऽञः।
4.1.100 Haritādibhyo'ñaḥ|
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Aphorisms 101-110
४.१.१०१ यञिञोश्च।
4.1.101 Yañiñośca|
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४.१.१०२ शरद्वच्छुनकदर्भाद्भृगुवत्साग्रायणेषु।
4.1.102 Śaradvacchunakadarbhādbhṛguvatsāgrāyaṇeṣu|
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४.१.१०३ द्रोणपर्वतजीवन्तादन्यतरयाम्।
4.1.103 Droṇaparvatajīvantādanyatarayām|
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४.१.१०४ अनृष्यानन्तर्ये बिदादिभ्योऽञ्।
4.1.104 Anṛṣyānantarye bidādibhyo'ñ|
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४.१.१०५ गर्गादिभ्यो यञ्।
4.1.105 Gargādibhyo yañ|
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४.१.१०६ मधुबभ्र्वोर्ब्राह्मणकौशिकयोः।
4.1.106 Madhubabhrvorbrāhmaṇakauśikayoḥ|
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४.१.१०७ कपिबोधादाङ्गिरसे।
4.1.107 Kapibodhādāṅgirase|
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४.१.१०८ वतण्डाच्च।
4.1.108 Vataṇḍācca|
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४.१.१०९ लुक् स्त्रियाम्।
4.1.109 Luk striyām|
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४.१.११० अश्वादिभ्यः फञ्।
4.1.110 Aśvādibhyaḥ phañ|
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Aphorisms 111-120
४.१.१११ भर्गात् त्रैगर्ते।
4.1.111 Bhargāt traigarte|
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४.१.११२ शिवादिभ्योऽण्।
4.1.112 Śivādibhyo'ṇ|
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४.१.११३ अवृद्धाभ्यो नदीमानुषीभ्यस्तन्नामिकाभ्यः।
4.1.113 Avṛddhābhyo nadīmānuṣībhyastannāmikābhyaḥ|
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४.१.११४ ऋष्यन्धकवृष्णिकुरुभ्यश्च।
4.1.114 Ṛṣyandhakavṛṣṇikurubhyaśca|
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४.१.११५ मातुरुत् सङ्ख्यासम्भद्रपूर्वायाः।
4.1.115 Māturut saṅkhyāsambhadrapūrvāyāḥ|
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४.१.११६ कन्यायाः कनीन च।
4.1.116 Kanyāyāḥ kanīna ca|
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४.१.११७ विकर्णशुङ्गच्छगलाद्वत्सभरद्वाजात्रिषु।
4.1.117 Vikarṇaśuṅgacchagalādvatsabharadvājātriṣu|
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४.१.११८ पीलाया वा।
4.1.118 Pīlāyā vā|
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४.१.११९ ढक् च मण्डूकात्।
4.1.119 Ḍhak ca maṇḍūkāt|
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४.१.१२० स्त्रीभ्यो ढक्।
4.1.120 Strībhyo ḍhak|
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Aphorisms 121-130
४.१.१२१ द्व्यचः।
4.1.121 Dvyacaḥ|
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४.१.१२२ इतश्चानिञः।
4.1.122 Itaścāniñaḥ|
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४.१.१२३ शुभ्रादिभ्यश्च।
4.1.123 Śubhrādibhyaśca|
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४.१.१२४ विकर्णकुषीतकात् काश्यपे।
4.1.124 Vikarṇakuṣītakāt kāśyape|
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४.१.१२५ भ्रुवो वुक् च।
4.1.125 Bhruvo vuk ca|
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४.१.१२६ कल्याण्यादीनामिनङ्।
4.1.126 Kalyāṇyādīnāminaṅ|
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४.१.१२७ कुलटाया वा।
4.1.127 Kulaṭāyā vā|
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४.१.१२८ चटकाया ऐरक्।
4.1.128 Caṭakāyā airak|
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४.१.१२९ गोधाया ढ्रक्।
4.1.129 Godhāyā ḍhrak|
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४.१.१३० आरगुदीचाम्।
4.1.130 Āragudīcām|
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Aphorisms 131-140
४.१.१३१ क्षुद्राभ्यो वा।
4.1.131 Kṣudrābhyo vā|
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४.१.१३२ पितृष्वसुश्छण्।
4.1.132 Pitṛṣvasuśchaṇ|
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४.१.१३३ ढकि लोपः।
4.1.133 Ḍhaki lopaḥ|
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४.१.१३४ मातृष्वसुश्च।
4.1.134 Mātṛṣvasuśca|
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४.१.१३५ चतुष्पाद्भ्यो ढञ्।
4.1.135 Catuṣpādbhyo ḍhañ|
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४.१.१३६ गृष्ट्यादिभ्यश्च।
4.1.136 Gṛṣṭyādibhyaśca|
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४.१.१३७ राजश्वशुराद्यत्।
4.1.137 Rājaśvaśurādyat|
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४.१.१३८ क्षत्राद्घः।
4.1.138 Kṣatrādghaḥ|
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४.१.१३९ कुलात् खः।
4.1.139 Kulāt khaḥ|
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४.१.१४० अपूर्वपदादन्यतरस्यां यड्ढकञौ।
4.1.140 Apūrvapadādanyatarasyāṁ yaḍḍhakañau|
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Aphorisms 141-150
४.१.१४१ महाकुलादङ्खञौ।
4.1.141 Mahākulādaṅkhañau|
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४.१.१४२ दुष्कुलाड्ढक्।
4.1.142 Duṣkulāḍḍhak|
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४.१.१४३ स्वसुश्छः।
4.1.143 Svasuśchaḥ|
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४.१.१४४ भ्रातुर्व्यच्च।
4.1.144 Bhrāturvyacca|
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४.१.१४५ व्यन् सपत्ने।
4.1.145 Vyan sapatne|
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४.१.१४६ रेवत्यादिभ्यष्ठक्।
4.1.146 Revatyādibhyaṣṭhak|
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४.१.१४७ गोत्रस्त्रियाः कुत्सने ण च।
4.1.147 Gotrastriyāḥ kutsane ṇa ca|
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४.१.१४८ वृद्धाट्ठक् सौवीरेषु बहुलम्।
4.1.148 Vṛddhāṭṭhak sauvīreṣu bahulam|
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४.१.१४९ फेश्छ च।
4.1.149 Pheścha ca|
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४.१.१५० फाण्टाहृतिमिमताभ्यां णफिञौ।
4.1.150 Phāṇṭāhṛtimimatābhyāṁ ṇaphiñau|
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Aphorisms 151-160
४.१.१५१ कुर्वादिभ्यो ण्यः।
4.1.151 Kurvādibhyo ṇyaḥ|
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४.१.१५२ सेनान्तलक्षणकारिभ्यश्च।
4.1.152 Senāntalakṣaṇakāribhyaśca|
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४.१.१५३ उदीचामिञ्।
4.1.153 Udīcāmiñ|
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४.१.१५४ तिकादिभ्यः फिञ्।
4.1.154 Tikādibhyaḥ phiñ|
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४.१.१५५ कौसल्यकार्मार्याभ्यां च।
4.1.155 Kausalyakārmāryābhyāṁ ca|
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४.१.१५६ अणो द्व्यचः।
4.1.156 Aṇo dvyacaḥ|
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४.१.१५७ उदीचां वृद्धादगोत्रात्।
4.1.157 Udīcāṁ vṛddhādagotrāt|
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४.१.१५८ वाकिनादीनां कुक् च।
4.1.158 Vākinādīnāṁ kuk ca|
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४.१.१५९ पुत्रान्तादन्यतरस्याम्।
4.1.159 Putrāntādanyatarasyām|
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४.१.१६० प्राचामवृद्धात् फिन् बहुलम्।
4.1.160 Prācāmavṛddhāt phin bahulam|
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Aphorisms 161-170
४.१.१६१ मनोर्जातावञ्यतौ षुक् च।
4.1.161 Manorjātāvañyatau ṣuk ca|
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४.१.१६२ अपत्यं पौत्रप्रभृति गोत्रम्।
4.1.162 Apatyaṁ pautraprabhṛti gotram|
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४.१.१६३ जीवति तु वंश्ये युवा।
4.1.163 Jīvati tu vaṁśye yuvā|
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४.१.१६४ भ्रातरि च ज्यायसि।
4.1.164 Bhrātari ca jyāyasi|
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४.१.१६५ वाऽन्यस्मिन् सपिण्डे स्थविरतरे जीवति।
4.1.165 Vā'nyasmin sapiṇḍe sthaviratare jīvati|
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४.१.१६६ वृद्धस्य च पूजायाम्।
4.1.166 Vṛddhasya ca pūjāyām|
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४.१.१६७ यूनश्च कुत्सायाम्।
4.1.167 Yūnaśca kutsāyām|
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४.१.१६८ जनपदशब्दात् क्षत्रियादञ्।
4.1.168 Janapadaśabdāt kṣatriyādañ|
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४.१.१६९ साल्वेयगान्धारिभ्यां च।
4.1.169 Sālveyagāndhāribhyāṁ ca|
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४.१.१७० द्व्यञ्मगधकलिङ्गसूरमसादण्।
4.1.170 Dvyañmagadhakaliṅgasūramasādaṇ|
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Aphorisms 171-178
४.१.१७१ वृद्धेत्कोसलाजादाञ्ञ्यङ्।
4.1.171 Vṛddhetkosalājādāññyaṅ|
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४.१.१७२ कुरुणादिभ्यो ण्यः।
4.1.172 Kuruṇādibhyo ṇyaḥ|
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४.१.१७३ साल्वावयवप्रत्यग्रथकलकूटाश्मकादिञ्।
4.1.173 Sālvāvayavapratyagrathakalakūṭāśmakādiñ|
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४.१.१७४ ते तद्राजाः।
4.1.174 Te tadrājāḥ|
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४.१.१७५ कम्बोजाल्लुक्।
4.1.175 Kambojālluk|
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४.१.१७६ स्त्रियामवन्तिकुन्तिकुरुभ्यश्च।
4.1.176 Striyāmavantikuntikurubhyaśca|
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४.१.१७७ अतश्च।
4.1.177 Ataśca|
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४.१.१७८ न प्राच्यभर्गादियौधेयादिभ्यः।
4.1.178 Na prācyabhargādiyaudheyādibhyaḥ|
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EXPLANATION IS IN PROGRESS WITH NO POLISHING YET
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