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Aṣṭādhyāyī - Explanation
Chapter 2 - Subchapter 4
Introduction
This is the second chapter/fourth subchapter out of eight chapters/thirty-two subchapters Aṣṭādhyāyī consists of.
This work was written by the greatest Sanskrit grammarian of all time: Pāṇini, who lived about 500BCE in India.
This Aṣṭādhyāyī contains the entire set of rules controlling Sanskrit grammar. It is required reading for all Sanskrit scholars and also for those who want to go deep at Sanskrit grammar.
Now read Aṣṭādhyāyī and experience Supreme Delight.
Important: All that is in brackets and italicized within the translation has been added by me in order to complete the sense of a particular phrase or sentence. In turn, all that is between double hyphen (--...--) constitutes clarifying further information also added by me.
Aphorisms 1-10
२.४.१ द्विगुरेकवचनम्।
2.4.1 Dvigurekavacanam|
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२.४.२ द्वन्द्वश्च प्राणितूर्यसेनाङ्गानाम्।
2.4.2 Dvandvaśca prāṇitūryasenāṅgānām|
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२.४.३ अनुवादे चरणानाम्।
2.4.3 Anuvāde caraṇānām|
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२.४.४ अध्वर्युक्रतुरनपुंसकम्.।
2.4.4 Adhvaryukraturanapuṁsakam.|
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२.४.५ अध्ययनतोऽविप्रकृष्टाख्यानाम्।
2.4.5 Adhyayanato'viprakṛṣṭākhyānām|
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२.४.६ जातिरप्राणिनाम्।
2.4.6 Jātiraprāṇinām|
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२.४.७ विशिष्टलिङ्गो नदी देशोऽग्रामाः।
2.4.7 Viśiṣṭaliṅgo nadī deśo'grāmāḥ|
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२.४.८ क्षुद्रजन्तवः।
2.4.8 Kṣudrajantavaḥ|
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२.४.९ येषां च विरोधः शाश्वतिकः।
2.4.9 Yeṣāṁ ca virodhaḥ śāśvatikaḥ|
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२.४.१० शूद्राणामनिरवसितानाम्।
2.4.10 Śūdrāṇāmaniravasitānām|
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Aphorisms 11-20
२.४.११ गवाश्वप्रभृतीनि च।
2.4.11 Gavāśvaprabhṛtīni ca|
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२.४.१२ विभाषा वृक्षमृगतृणधान्यव्यञ्जनपशुशकुन्यश्ववडवपूर्वापराधरोत्तराणाम्।
2.4.12 Vibhāṣā vṛkṣamṛgatṛṇadhānyavyañjanapaśuśakunyaśvavaḍavapūrvāparādharottarāṇām|
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२.४.१३ विप्रतिषिद्धं चानधिकरणवाचि।
2.4.13 Vipratiṣiddhaṁ cānadhikaraṇavāci|
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२.४.१४ न दधिपयादीनि।
2.4.14 Na dadhipayādīni|
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२.४.१५ अधिकरणैतावत्त्वे च।
2.4.15 Adhikaraṇaitāvattve ca|
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२.४.१६ विभाषा समीपे।
2.4.16 Vibhāṣā samīpe|
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२.४.१७ स नपुंसकम्।
2.4.17 Sa napuṁsakam|
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२.४.१८ अव्ययीभावश्च।
2.4.18 Avyayībhāvaśca|
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२.४.१९ तत्पुरुषोऽनञ् कर्मधारयः।
2.4.19 Tatpuruṣo'nañ karmadhārayaḥ|
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२.४.२० सञ्ज्ञायां कन्थोशीनरेषु।
2.4.20 Sañjñāyāṁ kanthośīnareṣu|
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Aphorisms 21-30
२.४.२१ उपज्ञोपक्रमं तदाद्याचिख्यासायाम्।
2.4.21 Upajñopakramaṁ tadādyācikhyāsāyām|
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२.४.२२ छाया बाहुल्ये।
2.4.22 Chāyā bāhulye|
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२.४.२३ सभा राजाऽमनुष्यपूर्वा।
2.4.23 Sabhā rājā'manuṣyapūrvā|
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२.४.२४ अशाला च।
2.4.24 Aśālā ca|
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२.४.२५ विभाषा सेनासुराछायाशालानिशानाम्।
2.4.25 Vibhāṣā senāsurāchāyāśālāniśānām|
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२.४.२६ परवल्लिङ्गं द्वन्द्वतत्पुरुषयोः।
2.4.26 Paravalliṅgaṁ dvandvatatpuruṣayoḥ|
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२.३.२७ पूर्ववदश्ववडवौ।
2.3.27 Pūrvavadaśvavaḍavau|
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२.४.२८ हेमन्तशिशिरावहोरात्रे च च्छन्दसि।
2.4.28 Hemantaśiśirāvahorātre ca cchandasi|
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२.४.२९ रात्राह्नाहाः पुंसि।
2.4.29 Rātrāhnāhāḥ puṁsi|
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२.४.३० अपथं नपुंसकम्।
2.4.30 Apathaṁ napuṁsakam|
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Aphorisms 31-40
२.४.३१ अर्धर्चाः पुंसि च।
2.4.31 Ardharcāḥ puṁsi ca|
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२.४.३२ इदमोऽन्वादेशेऽशनुदात्तस्तृतीयाऽऽदौ।
2.4.32 Idamo'nvādeśe'śanudāttastṛtīyā''dau|
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२.४.३३ एतदस्त्रतसोस्त्रतसौ चानुदात्तौ।
2.4.33 Etadastratasostratasau cānudāttau|
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२.४.३४ द्वितीयाटौस्स्वेनः।
2.4.34 Dvitīyāṭaussvenaḥ|
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२.४.३५ आर्द्धधातुके।
2.4.35 Ārddhadhātuke|
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२.४.३६ अदो जग्धिर्ल्यप्ति किति।
2.4.36 Ado jagdhirlyapti kiti|
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२.४.३७ लुङ्सनोर्घसॢ।
2.4.37 Luṅsanorghasḷ|
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२.४.३८ घञपोश्च।
2.4.38 Ghañapośca|
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२.४.३९ बहुलं छन्दसि।
2.4.39 Bahulaṁ chandasi|
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२.४.४० लिट्यन्यतरस्याम्।
2.4.40 Liṭyanyatarasyām|
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Aphorisms 41-50
२.४.४१ वेञो वयिः।
2.4.41 Veño vayiḥ|
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२.४.४२ हनो वध लिङि।
2.4.42 Hano vadha liṅi|
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२.४.४३ लुङि च।
2.4.43 Luṅi ca|
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२.४.४४ आत्मनेपदेष्वन्यतरस्याम्।
2.4.44 Ātmanepadeṣvanyatarasyām|
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२.४.४५ इणो गा लुङि।
2.4.45 Iṇo gā luṅi|
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२.४.४६ णौ गमिरबोधने।
2.4.46 Ṇau gamirabodhane|
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२.४.४७ सनि च।
2.4.47 Sani ca|
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२.४.४८ इङश्च।
2.4.48 Iṅaśca|
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२.४.४९ गाङ् लिटि।
2.4.49 Gāṅ liṭi|
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२.४.५० विभाषा लुङ्लृङोः।
2.4.50 Vibhāṣā luṅlṛṅoḥ|
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Aphorisms 51-60
२.४.५१ णौ च सम्ँश्चङोः।
2.4.51 Ṇau ca sam̐ścaṅoḥ|
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२.४.५२ अस्तेर्भूः।
2.4.52 Asterbhūḥ|
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२.४.५३ ब्रुवो वचिः।
2.4.53 Bruvo vaciḥ|
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२.४.५४ चक्षिङः ख्याञ्।
2.4.54 Cakṣiṅaḥ khyāñ|
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२.४.५५ वा लिटि।
2.4.55 Vā liṭi|
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२.४.५६ अजेर्व्यघञपोः।
2.4.56 Ajervyaghañapoḥ|
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२.४.५७ वा यौ।
2.4.57 Vā yau|
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२.४.५८ ण्यक्षत्रियार्षञितो यूनि लुगणिञोः।
2.4.58 Ṇyakṣatriyārṣañito yūni lugaṇiñoḥ|
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२.४.५९ पैलादिभ्यश्च।
2.4.59 Pailādibhyaśca|
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२.४.६० इञः प्राचाम्।
2.4.60 Iñaḥ prācām|
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Aphorisms 61-70
२.४.६१ न तौल्वलिभ्यः।
2.4.61 Na taulvalibhyaḥ|
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२.४.६२ तद्राजस्य बहुषु तेनैवास्त्रियाम्।
2.4.62 Tadrājasya bahuṣu tenaivāstriyām|
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२.४.६३ यस्कादिभ्यो गोत्रे।
2.4.63 Yaskādibhyo gotre|
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२.४.६४ यञञोश्च।
2.4.64 Yañañośca|
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२.४.६५ अत्रिभृगुकुत्सवसिष्ठगोतमाङ्गिरोभ्यश्च।
2.4.65 Atribhṛgukutsavasiṣṭhagotamāṅgirobhyaśca|
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२.४.६६ बह्वचः इञः प्राच्यभरतेषु।
2.4.66 Bahvacaḥ iñaḥ prācyabharateṣu|
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२.४.६७ न गोपवनादिभ्यः।
2.4.67 Na gopavanādibhyaḥ|
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२.४.६८ तिककितवादिभ्यो द्वन्द्वे।
2.4.68 Tikakitavādibhyo dvandve|
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२.४.६९ उपकादिभ्योऽन्यतरस्यामद्वन्द्वे।
2.4.69 Upakādibhyo'nyatarasyāmadvandve|
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२.४.७० आगस्त्यकौण्डिन्ययोरगस्तिकुण्डिनच्।
2.4.70 Āgastyakauṇḍinyayoragastikuṇḍinac|
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Aphorisms 71-80
२.४.७१ सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः।
2.4.71 Supo dhātuprātipadikayoḥ|
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२.४.७२ अदिप्रभृतिभ्यः शपः।
2.4.72 Adiprabhṛtibhyaḥ śapaḥ|
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२.४.७३ बहुलं छन्दसि।
2.4.73 Bahulaṁ chandasi|
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२.४.७४ यङोऽचि च।
2.4.74 Yaṅo'ci ca|
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२.४.७५ जुहोत्यादिभ्यः श्लुः।
2.4.75 Juhotyādibhyaḥ śluḥ|
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२.४.७६ बहुलं छन्दसि।
2.4.76 Bahulaṁ chandasi|
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२.४.७७ गातिस्थाघुपाभूभ्यः सिचः परस्मैपदेषु।
2.4.77 Gātisthāghupābhūbhyaḥ sicaḥ parasmaipadeṣu|
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२.४.७८ विभाषा घ्राधेट्शाच्छासः।
2.4.78 Vibhāṣā ghrādheṭśācchāsaḥ|
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२.४.७९ तनादिभ्यस्तथासोः।
2.4.79 Tanādibhyastathāsoḥ|
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२.४.८० मन्त्रे घसह्वरणशवृदहाद्वृच्कृगमिजनिभ्यो लेः।
2.4.80 Mantre ghasahvaraṇaśavṛdahādvṛckṛgamijanibhyo leḥ|
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Aphorisms 81-85
२.४.८१ आमः।
2.4.81 Āmaḥ|
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२.४.८२ अव्ययादाप्सुपः।
2.4.82 Avyayādāpsupaḥ|
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२.४.८३ नाव्ययीभावादतोऽम्त्वपञ्चम्याः।
2.4.83 Nāvyayībhāvādato'mtvapañcamyāḥ|
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२.४.८४ तृतीयासप्तम्योर्बहुलम्।
2.4.84 Tṛtīyāsaptamyorbahulam|
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२.४.८५ लुटः प्रथमस्य डारौरसः।
2.4.85 Luṭaḥ prathamasya ḍāraurasaḥ|
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EXPLANATION IS IN PROGRESS WITH NO POLISHING YET
Further Information
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