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Aṣṭādhyāyī - Explanation
Chapter 4 - Subchapter 3
Introduction
This is the fourth chapter/third subchapter out of eight chapters/thirty-two subchapters Aṣṭādhyāyī consists of.
This work was written by the greatest Sanskrit grammarian of all time: Pāṇini, who lived about 500BCE in India.
This Aṣṭādhyāyī contains the entire set of rules controlling Sanskrit grammar. It is required reading for all Sanskrit scholars and also for those who want to go deep at Sanskrit grammar.
Now read Aṣṭādhyāyī and experience Supreme Delight.
Important: All that is in brackets and italicized within the translation has been added by me in order to complete the sense of a particular phrase or sentence. In turn, all that is between double hyphen (--...--) constitutes clarifying further information also added by me.
Aphorisms 1-10
४.३.१ युष्मदस्मदोरन्यतरस्यां खञ् च।
4.3.1 Yuṣmadasmadoranyatarasyāṁ khañ ca|
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४.३.२ तस्मिन् नणि च युष्माकास्माकौ।
4.3.2 Tasmin naṇi ca yuṣmākāsmākau|
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४.३.३ तवकममकावेकवचने।
4.3.3 Tavakamamakāvekavacane|
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४.३.४ अर्धाद्यत्।
4.3.4 Ardhādyat|
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४.३.५ परावराधमोत्तमपूर्वाच्च।
4.3.5 Parāvarādhamottamapūrvācca|
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४.३.६ दिक्पूर्वपदाट्ठञ् च।
4.3.6 Dikpūrvapadāṭṭhañ ca|
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४.३.७ ग्रामजनपदैकदेशादञ्ठञौ।
4.3.7 Grāmajanapadaikadeśādañṭhañau|
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४.३.८ मध्यान्मः।
4.3.8 Madhyānmaḥ|
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४.३.९ अ साम्प्रतिके।
4.3.9 A sāmpratike|
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४.३.१० द्वीपादनुसमुद्रं यञ्।
4.3.10 Dvīpādanusamudraṁ yañ|
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Aphorisms 11-20
४.३.११ कालाट्ठञ्।
4.3.11 Kālāṭṭhañ|
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४.३.१२ श्राद्धे शरदः।
4.3.12 Śrāddhe śaradaḥ|
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४.३.१३ विभाषा रोगातपयोः।
4.3.13 Vibhāṣā rogātapayoḥ|
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४.३.१४ निशाप्रदोषाभ्यां च।
4.3.14 Niśāpradoṣābhyāṁ ca|
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४.३.१५ श्वसस्तुट् च।
4.3.15 Śvasastuṭ ca|
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४.३.१६ सन्धिवेलाऽऽद्यृतुनक्षत्रेभ्योऽण्।
4.3.16 Sandhivelā''dyṛtunakṣatrebhyo'ṇ|
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४.३.१७ प्रावृष एण्यः।
4.3.17 Prāvṛṣa eṇyaḥ|
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४.३.१८ वर्षाभ्यष्ठक्।
4.3.18 Varṣābhyaṣṭhak|
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४.३.१९ छन्दसि ठञ्।
4.3.19 Chandasi ṭhañ|
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४.३.२० वसन्ताच्च।
4.3.20 Vasantācca|
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Aphorisms 21-30
४.३.२१ हेमन्ताच्च।
4.3.21 Hemantācca|
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४.३.२२ सर्वत्राण् च तलोपश्च।
4.3.22 Sarvatrāṇ ca talopaśca|
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४.३.२३ सायञ्चिरम्प्राह्णेप्रगेऽव्ययेभ्यष्ट्युट्युलौ तुट् च।
4.3.23 Sāyañciramprāhṇeprage'vyayebhyaṣṭyuṭyulau tuṭ ca|
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४.३.२४ विभाषा पूर्वाह्णापराह्णाभ्याम्।
4.3.24 Vibhāṣā pūrvāhṇāparāhṇābhyām|
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४.३.२५ तत्र जातः।
4.3.25 Tatra jātaḥ|
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४.३.२६ प्रावृषष्ठप्।
4.3.26 Prāvṛṣaṣṭhap|
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४.३.२७ सञ्ज्ञायां शरदो वुञ्।
4.3.27 Sañjñāyāṁ śarado vuñ|
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४.३.२८ पूर्वाह्णापराह्णार्द्रामूलप्रदोषावस्कराद्वुन्।
4.3.28 Pūrvāhṇāparāhṇārdrāmūlapradoṣāvaskarādvun|
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४.३.२९ पथः पन्थ च।
4.3.29 Pathaḥ pantha ca|
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४.३.३० अमावास्याया वा।
4.3.30 Amāvāsyāyā vā|
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Aphorisms 31-40
४.३.३१ अ च।
4.3.31 A ca|
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४.३.३२ सिन्ध्वपकराभ्यां कन्।
4.3.32 Sindhvapakarābhyāṁ kan|
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४.३.३३ अणञौ च।
4.3.33 Aṇañau ca|
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४.३.३४ श्रविष्ठाफल्गुन्यनुराधास्वातितिष्यपुनर्वसुहस्तविशाखाऽषाढाबहुलाल्लुक्।
4.3.34 Śraviṣṭhāphalgunyanurādhāsvātitiṣyapunarvasuhastaviśākhā'ṣāḍhābahulālluk|
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४.३.३५ स्थानान्तगोशालखरशालाच्च।
4.3.35 Sthānāntagośālakharaśālācca|
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४.३.३६ वत्सशालाऽभिजिदश्वयुक्छतभिषजो वा।
4.3.36 Vatsaśālā'bhijidaśvayukchatabhiṣajo vā|
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४.३.३७ नक्षत्रेभ्यो बहुलम्।
4.3.37 Nakṣatrebhyo bahulam|
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४.३.३८ कृतलब्धक्रीतकुशलाः।
4.3.38 Kṛtalabdhakrītakuśalāḥ|
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४.३.३९ प्रायभवः।
4.3.39 Prāyabhavaḥ|
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४.३.४० उपजानूपकर्णोपनीवेष्ठक्।
4.3.40 Upajānūpakarṇopanīveṣṭhak|
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Aphorisms 41-50
४.३.४१ सम्भूते।
4.3.41 Sambhūte|
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४.३.४२ कोशाड्ढञ्।
4.3.42 Kośāḍḍhañ|
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४.३.४३ कालात् साधुपुष्प्यत्पच्यमानेषु।
4.3.43 Kālāt sādhupuṣpyatpacyamāneṣu|
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४.३.४४ उप्ते च।
4.3.44 Upte ca|
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४.३.४५ आश्वयुज्या वुञ्।
4.3.45 Āśvayujyā vuñ|
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४.३.४६ ग्रीष्मवसन्तादन्यतरस्याम्।
4.3.46 Grīṣmavasantādanyatarasyām|
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४.३.४७ देयमृणे।
4.3.47 Deyamṛṇe|
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४.३.४८ कलाप्यश्वत्थयवबुसाद्वुन्।
4.3.48 Kalāpyaśvatthayavabusādvun|
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४.३.४९ ग्रीष्मावरसमाद्वुञ्।
4.3.49 Grīṣmāvarasamādvuñ|
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४.३.५० संवत्सराग्रहायणीभ्यां ठञ् च।
4.3.50 Saṁvatsarāgrahāyaṇībhyāṁ ṭhañ ca|
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Aphorisms 51-60
४.३.५१ व्याहरति मृगः।
4.3.51 Vyāharati mṛgaḥ|
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४.३.५२ तदस्य सोढम्।
4.3.52 Tadasya soḍham|
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४.३.५३ तत्र भवः।
4.3.53 Tatra bhavaḥ|
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४.३.५४ दिगादिभ्यो यत्।
4.3.54 Digādibhyo yat|
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४.३.५५ शरीरावयवाच्च।
4.3.55 Śarīrāvayavācca|
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४.३.५६ दृतिकुक्षिकलशिवस्त्यस्त्यहेर्ढञ्।
4.3.56 Dṛtikukṣikalaśivastyastyaherḍhañ|
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४.३.५७ ग्रीवाभ्योऽण् च।
4.3.57 Grīvābhyo'ṇ ca|
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४.३.५८ गम्भीराञ्ञ्यः।
4.3.58 Gambhīrāññyaḥ|
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४.३.५९ अव्ययीभावाच्च।
4.3.59 Avyayībhāvācca|
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४.३.६० अन्तःपूर्वपदाट्ठञ्।
4.3.60 Antaḥpūrvapadāṭṭhañ|
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Aphorisms 61-70
४.३.६१ ग्रामात् पर्यनुपूर्वात्।
4.3.61 Grāmāt paryanupūrvāt|
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४.३.६२ जिह्वामूलाङ्गुलेश्छः।
4.3.62 Jihvāmūlāṅguleśchaḥ|
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४.३.६३ वर्गान्ताच्च।
4.3.63 Vargāntācca|
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४.३.६४ अशब्दे यत्खावन्यतरस्याम्।
4.3.64 Aśabde yatkhāvanyatarasyām|
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४.३.६५ कर्णललाटात् कनलङ्कारे।
4.3.65 Karṇalalāṭāt kanalaṅkāre|
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४.३.६६ तस्य व्याख्यान इति च व्याख्यातव्यनाम्नः।
4.3.66 Tasya vyākhyāna iti ca vyākhyātavyanāmnaḥ|
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४.३.६७ बह्वचोऽन्तोदात्ताट्ठञ्।
4.3.67 Bahvaco'ntodāttāṭṭhañ|
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४.३.६८ क्रतुयज्ञेभ्यश्च।
4.3.68 Kratuyajñebhyaśca|
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४.३.६९ अध्यायेष्वेवर्षेः।
4.3.69 Adhyāyeṣvevarṣeḥ|
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४.३.७० पौरोडाशपुरोडाशात् ष्ठन्।
4.3.70 Pauroḍāśapuroḍāśāt ṣṭhan|
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Aphorisms 71-80
४.३.७१ छन्दसो यदणौ।
4.3.71 Chandaso yadaṇau|
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४.३.७२ द्व्यजृद्ब्राह्मणर्क्प्रथमाध्वरपुरश्चरणनामाख्याताट्ठक्।
4.3.72 Dvyajṛdbrāhmaṇarkprathamādhvarapuraścaraṇanāmākhyātāṭṭhak|
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४.३.७३ अणृगयनादिभ्यः।
4.3.73 Aṇṛgayanādibhyaḥ|
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४.३.७४ तत आगतः।
4.3.74 Tata āgataḥ|
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४.३.७५ ठगायस्थानेभ्यः।
4.3.75 Ṭhagāyasthānebhyaḥ|
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४.३.७६ शुण्डिकादिभ्योऽण्।
4.3.76 Śuṇḍikādibhyo'ṇ|
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४.३.७७ विद्यायोनिसम्बन्धेभ्यो वुञ्।
4.3.77 Vidyāyonisambandhebhyo vuñ|
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४.३.७८ ऋतश्ठञ्।
4.3.78 Ṛtaśṭhañ|
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४.३.७९ पितुर्यच्च।
4.3.79 Pituryacca|
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४.३.८० गोत्रादङ्कवत्।
4.3.80 Gotrādaṅkavat|
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Aphorisms 81-90
४.३.८१ हेतुमनुष्येभ्योऽन्यतरस्यां रूप्यः।
4.3.81 Hetumanuṣyebhyo'nyatarasyāṁ rūpyaḥ|
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४.३.८२ मयट् च।
4.3.82 Mayaṭ ca|
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४.३.८३ प्रभवति।
4.3.83 Prabhavati|
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४.३.८४ विदूराञ्ञ्यः।
4.3.84 Vidūrāññyaḥ|
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४.३.८५ तद्गच्छति पथिदूतयोः।
4.3.85 Tadgacchati pathidūtayoḥ|
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४.३.८६ अभिनिष्क्रामति द्वारम्।
4.3.86 Abhiniṣkrāmati dvāram|
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४.३.८७ अधिकृत्य कृते ग्रन्थे।
4.3.87 Adhikṛtya kṛte granthe|
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४.३.८८ शिशुक्रन्दयमसभद्वन्द्वेन्द्रजननादिभ्यश्छः।
4.3.88 Śiśukrandayamasabhadvandvendrajananādibhyaśchaḥ|
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४.३.८९ सोऽस्य निवासः।
4.3.89 So'sya nivāsaḥ|
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४.३.९० अभिजनश्च।
4.3.90 Abhijanaśca|
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Aphorisms 91-100
४.३.९१ आयुधजीविभ्यश्छः पर्वते।
4.3.91 Āyudhajīvibhyaśchaḥ parvate|
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४.३.९२ शण्डिकादिभ्यो ञ्यः।
4.3.92 Śaṇḍikādibhyo ñyaḥ|
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४.३.९३ सिन्धुतक्षशिलाऽऽदिभ्योऽणञौ।
4.3.93 Sindhutakṣaśilā''dibhyo'ṇañau|
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४.३.९४ तूदीशलातुरवर्मतीकूचवाराड्ढक्छण्ढञ्यकः।
4.3.94 Tūdīśalāturavarmatīkūcavārāḍḍhakchaṇḍhañyakaḥ|
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४.३.९५ भक्तिः।
4.3.95 Bhaktiḥ|
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४.३.९६ अचित्ताददेशकालाट्ठक्।
4.3.96 Acittādadeśakālāṭṭhak|
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४.३.९७ महाराजाट्ठञ्।
4.3.97 Mahārājāṭṭhañ|
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४.३.९८ वासुदेवार्जुनाभ्यां वुन्।
4.3.98 Vāsudevārjunābhyāṁ vun|
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४.३.९९ गोत्रक्षत्रियाख्येभ्यो बहुलं वुञ्।
4.3.99 Gotrakṣatriyākhyebhyo bahulaṁ vuñ|
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४.३.१०० जनपदिनां जनपदवत् सर्वं जनपदेन समानशब्दानां बहुवचने।
4.3.100 Janapadināṁ janapadavat sarvaṁ janapadena samānaśabdānāṁ bahuvacane|
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Aphorisms 101-110
४.३.१०१ तेन प्रोक्तम्।
4.3.101 Tena proktam|
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४.३.१०२ तित्तिरिवरतन्तुखण्डिकोखाच्छण्।
4.3.102 Tittirivaratantukhaṇḍikokhācchaṇ|
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४.३.१०३ काश्यपकौशिकाभ्यामृषिभ्यां णिनिः।
4.3.103 Kāśyapakauśikābhyāmṛṣibhyāṁ ṇiniḥ|
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४.३.१०४ कलापिवैशम्पायनान्तेवासिभ्यश्च।
4.3.104 Kalāpivaiśampāyanāntevāsibhyaśca|
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४.३.१०५ पुराणप्रोक्तेषु ब्राह्मणकल्पेषु।
4.3.105 Purāṇaprokteṣu brāhmaṇakalpeṣu|
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४.३.१०६ शौनकादिभ्यश्छन्दसि।
4.3.106 Śaunakādibhyaśchandasi|
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४.३.१०७ कठचरकाल्लुक्।
4.3.107 Kaṭhacarakālluk|
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४.३.१०८ कलापिनोऽण्।
4.3.108 Kalāpino'ṇ|
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४.३.१०९ छगलिनो ढिनुक्।
4.3.109 Chagalino ḍhinuk|
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४.३.११० पाराशर्यशिलालिभ्यां भिक्षुनटसूत्रयोः।
4.3.110 Pārāśaryaśilālibhyāṁ bhikṣunaṭasūtrayoḥ|
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Aphorisms 111-120
४.३.१११ कर्मन्दकृशाश्वादिनिः।
4.3.111 Karmandakṛśāśvādiniḥ|
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४.३.११२ तेनैकदिक्।
4.3.112 Tenaikadik|
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४.३.११३ तसिश्च।
4.3.113 Tasiśca|
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४.३.११४ उरसो यच्च।
4.3.114 Uraso yacca|
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४.३.११५ उपज्ञाते।
4.3.115 Upajñāte|
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४.३.११६ कृते ग्रन्थे।
4.3.116 Kṛte granthe|
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४.३.११७ सञ्ज्ञायाम्।
4.3.117 Sañjñāyām|
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४.३.११८ कुलालादिभ्यो वुञ्।
4.3.118 Kulālādibhyo vuñ|
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४.३.११९ क्षुद्राभ्रमरवटरपादपादञ्।
4.3.119 Kṣudrābhramaravaṭarapādapādañ|
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४.३.१२० तस्येदम्।
4.3.120 Tasyedam|
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Aphorisms 121-130
४.३.१२१ रथाद्यत्।
4.3.121 Rathādyat|
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४.३.१२२ पत्त्रपूर्वादञ्।
4.3.122 Pattrapūrvādañ|
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४.३.१२३ पत्त्राध्वर्युपरिषदश्च।
4.3.123 Pattrādhvaryupariṣadaśca|
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४.३.१२४ हलसीराट्ठक्।
4.3.124 Halasīrāṭṭhak|
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४.३.१२५ द्वन्द्वाद्वुन् वैरमैथुनिकयोः।
4.3.125 Dvandvādvun vairamaithunikayoḥ|
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४.३.१२६ गोत्रचरणाद्वुञ्।
4.3.126 Gotracaraṇādvuñ|
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४.३.१२७ सङ्घाङ्कलक्षणेष्वञ्यञिञामण्।
4.3.127 Saṅghāṅkalakṣaṇeṣvañyañiñāmaṇ|
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४.३.१२८ शाकलाद्वा।
4.3.128 Śākalādvā|
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४.३.१२९ छन्दोगौक्थिकयाज्ञिकबह्वृचनटाञ्ञ्यः।
4.3.129 Chandogaukthikayājñikabahvṛcanaṭāññyaḥ|
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४.३.१३० न दण्डमाणवान्तेवासिषु।
4.3.130 Na daṇḍamāṇavāntevāsiṣu|
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Aphorisms 131-140
४.३.१३१ रैवतिकादिभ्यश्छः।
4.3.131 Raivatikādibhyaśchaḥ|
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४.३.१३२ कौपिञ्जलहास्तिपदादण्।
4.3.132 Kaupiñjalahāstipadādaṇ|
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४.३.१३३ आथर्वणिकस्येकलोपश्च।
4.3.133 Ātharvaṇikasyekalopaśca|
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४.३.१३४ तस्य विकारः।
4.3.134 Tasya vikāraḥ|
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४.३.१३५ अवयवे च प्राण्योषधिवृक्षेभ्यः।
4.3.135 Avayave ca prāṇyoṣadhivṛkṣebhyaḥ|
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४.३.१३६ बिल्वादिभ्योऽण्।
4.3.136 Bilvādibhyo'ṇ|
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४.३.१३७ कोपधाच्च।
4.3.137 Kopadhācca|
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४.३.१३८ त्रपुजतुनोः षुक्।
4.3.138 Trapujatunoḥ ṣuk|
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४.३.१३९ ओरञ्।
4.3.139 Orañ|
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४.३.१४० अनुदात्तादेश्च।
4.3.140 Anudāttādeśca|
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Aphorisms 141-150
४.३.१४१ पलाशादिभ्यो वा।
4.3.141 Palāśādibhyo vā|
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४.३.१४२ शम्याष्ट्लञ्।
4.3.142 Śamyāṣṭlañ|
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४.३.१४३ मयड्वैतयोर्भाषायामभक्ष्याच्छादनयोः।
4.3.143 Mayaḍvaitayorbhāṣāyāmabhakṣyācchādanayoḥ|
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४.३.१४४ नित्यं वृद्धशरादिभ्यः।
4.3.144 Nityaṁ vṛddhaśarādibhyaḥ|
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४.३.१४५ गोश्च पुरीषे।
4.3.145 Gośca purīṣe|
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४.३.१४६ पिष्टाच्च।
4.3.146 Piṣṭācca|
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४.३.१४७ सञ्ज्ञायां कन्।
4.3.147 Sañjñāyāṁ kan|
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४.३.१४८ व्रीहेः पुरोडाशे।
4.3.148 Vrīheḥ puroḍāśe|
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४.३.१४९ असञ्ज्ञायां तिलयवाभ्याम्।
4.3.149 Asañjñāyāṁ tilayavābhyām|
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४.३.१५० द्व्यचश्छन्दसि।
4.3.150 Dvyacaśchandasi|
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Aphorisms 151-160
४.३.१५१ नोत्वद्वर्ध्रबिल्वात्।
4.3.151 Notvadvardhrabilvāt|
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४.३.१५२ तालादिभ्योऽण्।
4.3.152 Tālādibhyo'ṇ|
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४.३.१५३ जातरूपेभ्यः परिमाणे।
4.3.153 Jātarūpebhyaḥ parimāṇe|
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४.३.१५४ प्राणिरजतादिभ्योऽञ्।
4.3.154 Prāṇirajatādibhyo'ñ|
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४.३.१५५ ञितश्च तत्प्रत्ययात्।
4.3.155 Ñitaśca tatpratyayāt|
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४.३.१५६ क्रीतवत् परिमाणात्।
4.3.156 Krītavat parimāṇāt|
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४.३.१५७ उष्ट्राद्वुञ्।
4.3.157 Uṣṭrādvuñ|
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४.३.१५८ उमोर्णयोर्वा।
4.3.158 Umorṇayorvā|
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४.३.१५९ एण्या ढञ्।
4.3.159 Eṇyā ḍhañ|
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४.३.१६० गोपयसोर्यत्।
4.3.160 Gopayasoryat|
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Aphorisms 161-168
४.३.१६१ द्रोश्च।
4.3.161 Drośca|
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४.३.१६२ माने वयः।
4.3.162 Māne vayaḥ|
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४.३.१६३ फले लुक्।
4.3.163 Phale luk|
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४.३.१६४ प्लक्षादिभ्योऽण्।
4.3.164 Plakṣādibhyo'ṇ|
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४.३.१६५ जम्ब्वा वा।
4.3.165 Jambvā vā|
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४.३.१६६ लुप् च।
4.3.166 Lup ca|
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४.३.१६७ हरीतक्यादिभ्यश्च।
4.3.167 Harītakyādibhyaśca|
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४.३.१६८ कंसीयपरशव्ययोर्यञञौ लुक् च।
4.3.168 Kaṁsīyaparaśavyayoryañañau luk ca|
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EXPLANATION IS IN PROGRESS WITH NO POLISHING YET
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