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Aṣṭādhyāyī - Explanation
Chapter 3 - Subchapter 4
Introduction
This is the third chapter/fourth subchapter out of eight chapters/thirty-two subchapters Aṣṭādhyāyī consists of.
This work was written by the greatest Sanskrit grammarian of all time: Pāṇini, who lived about 500BCE in India.
This Aṣṭādhyāyī contains the entire set of rules controlling Sanskrit grammar. It is required reading for all Sanskrit scholars and also for those who want to go deep at Sanskrit grammar.
Now read Aṣṭādhyāyī and experience Supreme Delight.
Important: All that is in brackets and italicized within the translation has been added by me in order to complete the sense of a particular phrase or sentence. In turn, all that is between double hyphen (--...--) constitutes clarifying further information also added by me.
Aphorisms 1-10
३.४.१ धातुसम्बन्धे प्रत्ययाः।
3.4.1 Dhātusambandhe pratyayāḥ|
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३.४.२ क्रियासमभिहारे लोट्, लोटो हिस्वौ, वा च तध्वमोः।
3.4.2 Kriyāsamabhihāre loṭ, loṭo hisvau, vā ca tadhvamoḥ|
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३.४.३ समुच्चयेऽन्यतरस्याम्।
3.4.3 Samuccaye'nyatarasyām|
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३.४.४ यथाविध्यनुप्रयोगः पूर्वस्मिन्।
3.4.4 Yathāvidhyanuprayogaḥ pūrvasmin|
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३.४.५ समुच्चये सामान्यवचनस्य।
3.4.5 Samuccaye sāmānyavacanasya|
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३.४.६ छन्दसि लुङ्लङ्लिटः।
3.4.6 Chandasi luṅlaṅliṭaḥ|
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३.४.७ लिङर्थे लेट्।
3.4.7 Liṅarthe leṭ|
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३.४.८ उपसंवादाशङ्कयोश्च।
3.4.8 Upasaṁvādāśaṅkayośca|
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३.४.९ तुमर्थे सेसेनसेअसेन्क्सेकसेनध्यैअध्यैन्कध्यैकध्यैन्शध्यैशध्यैन्तवैतवेङ्तवेनः।
3.4.9 Tumarthe sesenaseasenksekasenadhyaiadhyainkadhyaikadhyainśadhyaiśadhyaintavaitaveṅtavenaḥ|
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३.४.१० प्रयै रोहिष्यै अव्यथिष्यै।
3.4.10 Prayai rohiṣyai avyathiṣyai|
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Aphorisms 11-20
३.४.११ दृशे विख्ये च।
3.4.11 Dṛśe vikhye ca|
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३.४.१२ शकि णमुल्कमुलौ।
3.4.12 Śaki ṇamulkamulau|
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३.४.१३ ईश्वरे तोसुन्कसुनौ।
3.4.13 Īśvare tosunkasunau|
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३.४.१४ कृत्यार्थे तवैकेन्केन्यत्वनः।
3.4.14 Kṛtyārthe tavaikenkenyatvanaḥ|
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३.४.१५ अवचक्षे च।
3.4.15 Avacakṣe ca|
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३.४.१६ भावलक्षणे स्थेण्कृञ्वदिचरिहुतमिजनिभ्यस्तोसुन्।
3.4.16 Bhāvalakṣaṇe stheṇkṛñvadicarihutamijanibhyastosun|
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३.४.१७ सृपितृदोः कसुन्।
3.4.17 Sṛpitṛdoḥ kasun|
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३.४.१८ अलङ्खल्वोः प्रतिषेधयोः प्राचां क्त्वा।
3.4.18 Alaṅkhalvoḥ pratiṣedhayoḥ prācāṁ ktvā|
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३.४.१९ उदीचां माङो व्यतीहारे।
3.4.19 Udīcāṁ māṅo vyatīhāre|
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३.४.२० परावरयोगे च।
3.4.20 Parāvarayoge ca|
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Aphorisms 21-30
३.४.२१ समानकर्तृकयोः पूर्वकाले।
3.4.21 Samānakartṛkayoḥ pūrvakāle|
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३.४.२२ आभीक्ष्ण्ये णमुल् च।
3.4.22 Ābhīkṣṇye ṇamul ca|
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३.४.२३ न यद्यनाकाङ्क्षे।
3.4.23 Na yadyanākāṅkṣe|
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३.४.२४ विभाषाऽग्रेप्रथमपूर्वेषु।
3.4.24 Vibhāṣā'greprathamapūrveṣu|
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३.४.२५ कर्मण्याक्रोशे कृञः खमुञ्।
3.4.25 Karmaṇyākrośe kṛñaḥ khamuñ|
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३.४.२६ स्वादुमि णमुल्।
3.4.26 Svādumi ṇamul|
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३.४.२७ अन्यथैवङ्कथमित्थंसु सिद्धाप्रयोगश्चेत्।
3.4.27 Anyathaivaṅkathamitthaṁsu siddhāprayogaścet|
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३.४.२८ यथातथयोरसूयाप्रतिवचने।
3.4.28 Yathātathayorasūyāprativacane|
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३.४.२९ कर्मणि दृशिविदोः साकल्ये।
3.4.29 Karmaṇi dṛśividoḥ sākalye|
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३.४.३० यावति विन्दजीवोः।
3.4.30 Yāvati vindajīvoḥ|
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Aphorisms 31-40
३.४.३१ चर्मोदरयोः पूरेः।
3.4.31 Carmodarayoḥ pūreḥ|
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३.४.३२ वर्षप्रमाण ऊलोपश्चास्यान्यतरास्यम्।
3.4.32 Varṣapramāṇa ūlopaścāsyānyatarāsyam|
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३.४.३३ चेले क्नोपेः।
3.4.33 Cele knopeḥ|
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३.४.३४ निमूलसमूलयोः कषः।
3.4.34 Nimūlasamūlayoḥ kaṣaḥ|
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३.४.३५ शुष्कचूर्णरूक्षेषु पिषः।
3.4.35 Śuṣkacūrṇarūkṣeṣu piṣaḥ|
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३.४.३६ समूलाकृतजीवेषु हन्कृङ्ग्रहः।
3.4.36 Samūlākṛtajīveṣu hankṛṅgrahaḥ|
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३.४.३७ करणे हनः।
3.4.37 Karaṇe hanaḥ|
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३.४.३८ स्नेहने पिषः।
3.4.38 Snehane piṣaḥ|
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३.४.३९ हस्ते वर्त्तिग्रहोः।
3.4.39 Haste varttigrahoḥ|
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३.४.४० स्वे पुषः।
3.4.40 Sve puṣaḥ|
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Aphorisms 41-50
३.४.४१ अधिकरणे बन्धः।
3.4.41 Adhikaraṇe bandhaḥ|
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३.४.४२ सञ्ज्ञायाम्।
3.4.42 Sañjñāyām|
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३.४.४३ कर्त्रोर्जीवपुरुषयोर्नशिवहोः।
3.4.43 Kartrorjīvapuruṣayornaśivahoḥ|
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३.४.४४ ऊर्ध्वे शुषिपूरोः।
3.4.44 Ūrdhve śuṣipūroḥ|
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३.४.४५ उपमाने कर्मणि च।
3.4.45 Upamāne karmaṇi ca|
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३.४.४६ कषादिषु यथाविध्यनुप्रयोगः।
3.4.46 Kaṣādiṣu yathāvidhyanuprayogaḥ|
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३.४.४७ उपदंशस्तृतीयायाम्।
3.4.47 Upadaṁśastṛtīyāyām|
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३.४.४८ हिंसार्थानां च समानकर्मकाणाम्।
3.4.48 Hiṁsārthānāṁ ca samānakarmakāṇām|
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३.४.४९ सप्तम्यां चोपपीडरुधकर्षः।
3.4.49 Saptamyāṁ copapīḍarudhakarṣaḥ|
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३.४.५० समासत्तौ।
3.4.50 Samāsattau|
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Aphorisms 51-60
३.४.५१ प्रमाणे च।
3.4.51 Pramāṇe ca|
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३.४.५२ अपादाने परीप्सायाम्।
3.4.52 Apādāne parīpsāyām|
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३.४.५३ द्वितीयायां च।
3.4.53 Dvitīyāyāṁ ca|
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३.४.५४ स्वाङ्गेऽध्रुवे।
3.4.54 Svāṅge'dhruve|
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३.४.५५ परिक्लिश्यमाने च।
3.4.55 Parikliśyamāne ca|
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३.४.५६ विशिपतिपदिस्कन्दां व्याप्यमानासेव्यमानयोः।
3.4.56 Viśipatipadiskandāṁ vyāpyamānāsevyamānayoḥ|
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३.४.५७ अस्यतितृषोः क्रियाऽन्तरे कालेषु।
3.4.57 Asyatitṛṣoḥ kriyā'ntare kāleṣu|
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३.४.५८ नाम्न्यादिशिग्रहोः।
3.4.58 Nāmnyādiśigrahoḥ|
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३.४.५९ अव्ययेऽयथाभिप्रेताख्याने कृञः क्त्वाणमुलौ।
3.4.59 Avyaye'yathābhipretākhyāne kṛñaḥ ktvāṇamulau|
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३.४.६० तिर्यच्यपवर्गे।
3.4.60 Tiryacyapavarge|
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Aphorisms 61-70
३.४.६१ स्वाङ्गे तस्प्रत्यये कृभ्वोः।
3.4.61 Svāṅge taspratyaye kṛbhvoḥ|
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३.४.६२ नाधाऽर्थप्रत्यये च्व्यर्थे।
3.4.62 Nādhā'rthapratyaye cvyarthe|
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३.४.६३ तूष्णीमि भुवः।
3.4.63 Tūṣṇīmi bhuvaḥ|
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३.४.६४ अन्वच्यानुलोम्ये।
3.4.64 Anvacyānulomye|
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३.४.६५ शकधृषज्ञाग्लाघटरभलभक्रमसहार्हास्त्यर्थेषु तुमुन्।
3.4.65 Śakadhṛṣajñāglāghaṭarabhalabhakramasahārhāstyartheṣu tumun|
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३.४.६६ पर्याप्तिवचनेष्वलमर्थेषु।
3.4.66 Paryāptivacaneṣvalamartheṣu|
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३.४.६७ कर्तरि कृत्।
3.4.67 Kartari kṛt|
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३.४.६८ भव्यगेयप्रवचनीयोपस्थानीयजन्याप्लाव्यापात्या वा।
3.4.68 Bhavyageyapravacanīyopasthānīyajanyāplāvyāpātyā vā|
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३.४.६९ लः कर्मणि च भावे चाकर्मकेभ्यः.।
3.4.69 Laḥ karmaṇi ca bhāve cākarmakebhyaḥ.|
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३.४.७० तयोरेव कृत्यक्तखलर्थाः।
3.4.70 Tayoreva kṛtyaktakhalarthāḥ|
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Aphorisms 71-80
३.४.७१ अदिकर्मणि क्तः कर्तरि च।
3.4.71 Adikarmaṇi ktaḥ kartari ca|
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३.४.७२ गत्यर्थाकर्मकश्लिषशीङ्स्थाऽऽसवसजनरुहजीर्यतिभ्यश्च।
3.4.72 Gatyarthākarmakaśliṣaśīṅsthā''savasajanaruhajīryatibhyaśca|
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३.४.७३ दाशगोघ्नौ सम्प्रदाने।
3.4.73 Dāśagoghnau sampradāne|
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३.४.७४ भीमादयोऽपादाने।
3.4.74 Bhīmādayo'pādāne|
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३.४.७५ ताभ्यामन्यत्रोणादयः।
3.4.75 Tābhyāmanyatroṇādayaḥ|
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३.४.७६ क्तोऽधिकरणे च ध्रौव्यगतिप्रत्यवसानार्थेभ्यः।
3.4.76 Kto'dhikaraṇe ca dhrauvyagatipratyavasānārthebhyaḥ|
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३.४.७७ लस्य।
3.4.77 Lasya|
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३.४.७८ तिप्तस्झिसिप्थस्थमिब्वस्मस्ताताञ्झथासाथान्ध्वमिड्वहिमहिङ्।
3.4.78 Tiptasjhisipthasthamibvasmastātāñjhathāsāthāndhvamiḍvahimahiṅ|
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३.४.७९ टित आत्मनेपदानां टेरे।
3.4.79 Ṭita ātmanepadānāṁ ṭere|
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३.४.८० थासस्से।
3.4.80 Thāsasse|
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Aphorisms 81-90
३.४.८१ लिटस्तझयोरेशिरेच्।
3.4.81 Liṭastajhayoreśirec|
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३.४.८२ परस्मैपदानां णलतुसुस्थलथुसणल्वमाः।
3.4.82 Parasmaipadānāṁ ṇalatususthalathusaṇalvamāḥ|
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३.४.८३ विदो लटो वा।
3.4.83 Vido laṭo vā|
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३.४.८४ ब्रुवः पञ्चानामादित आहो ब्रुवः।
3.4.84 Bruvaḥ pañcānāmādita āho bruvaḥ|
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३.४.८५ लोटो लङ्वत्।
3.4.85 Loṭo laṅvat|
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३.४.८६ एरुः।
3.4.86 Eruḥ|
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३.४.८७ सेर्ह्यपिच्च।
3.4.87 Serhyapicca|
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३.४.८८ वा छन्दसि।
3.4.88 Vā chandasi|
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३.४.८९ मेर्निः।
3.4.89 Merniḥ|
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३.४.९० आमेतः।
3.4.90 Āmetaḥ|
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Aphorisms 91-100
३.४.९१ सवाभ्यां वामौ।
3.4.91 Savābhyāṁ vāmau|
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३.४.९२ आडुत्तमस्य पिच्च।
3.4.92 Āḍuttamasya picca|
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३.४.९३ एत ऐ।
3.4.93 Eta ai|
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३.४.९४ लेटोऽडाटौ।
3.4.94 Leṭo'ḍāṭau|
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३.४.९५ आत ऐ।
3.4.95 Āta ai|
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३.४.९६ वैतोऽन्यत्र।
3.4.96 Vaito'nyatra|
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३.४.९७ इतश्च लोपः परस्मैपदेषु।
3.4.97 Itaśca lopaḥ parasmaipadeṣu|
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३.४.९८ स उत्तमस्य।
3.4.98 Sa uttamasya|
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३.४.९९ नित्यं ङितः।
3.4.99 Nityaṁ ṅitaḥ|
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३.४.१०० इतश्च।
3.4.100 Itaśca|
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Aphorisms 101-110
३.४.१०१ तस्थस्थमिपां तान्तन्तामः।
3.4.101 Tasthasthamipāṁ tāntantāmaḥ|
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३.४.१०२ लिङस्सीयुट्।
3.4.102 Liṅassīyuṭ|
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३.४.१०३ यासुट् परस्मैपदेषूदात्तो ङिच्च।
3.4.103 Yāsuṭ parasmaipadeṣūdātto ṅicca|
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३.४.१०४ किदाशिषि।
3.4.104 Kidāśiṣi|
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३.४.१०५ झस्य रन्।
3.4.105 Jhasya ran|
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३.४.१०६ इटोऽत्।
3.4.106 Iṭo't|
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३.४.१०७ सुट् तिथोः।
3.4.107 Suṭ tithoḥ|
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३.४.१०८ झेर्जुस्।
3.4.108 Jherjus|
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३.४.१०९ सिजभ्यस्तविदिभ्यः च।
3.4.109 Sijabhyastavidibhyaḥ ca|
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३.४.११० आतः।
3.4.110 Ātaḥ|
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Aphorisms 111-117
३.४.१११ लङः शाकटायनस्यैव।
3.4.111 Laṅaḥ śākaṭāyanasyaiva|
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३.४.११२ द्विषश्च।
3.4.112 Dviṣaśca|
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३.४.११३ तिङ्शित्सार्वधातुकम्।
3.4.113 Tiṅśitsārvadhātukam|
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३.४.११४ आर्द्धधातुकं शेषः।
3.4.114 Ārddhadhātukaṁ śeṣaḥ|
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३.४.११५ लिट् च।
3.4.115 Liṭ ca|
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३.४.११६ लिङाशिषि।
3.4.116 Liṅāśiṣi|
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३.४.११७ छन्दस्युभयथा।
3.4.117 Chandasyubhayathā|
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EXPLANATION IS IN PROGRESS WITH NO POLISHING YET
Further Information
This document was conceived by Gabriel Pradīpaka, one of the two founders of this site, and spiritual guru conversant with Sanskrit language and Trika philosophy.
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