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Aṣṭādhyāyī - Explanation
Chapter 3 - Subchapter 3
Introduction
This is the third chapter/third subchapter out of eight chapters/thirty-two subchapters Aṣṭādhyāyī consists of.
This work was written by the greatest Sanskrit grammarian of all time: Pāṇini, who lived about 500BCE in India.
This Aṣṭādhyāyī contains the entire set of rules controlling Sanskrit grammar. It is required reading for all Sanskrit scholars and also for those who want to go deep at Sanskrit grammar.
Now read Aṣṭādhyāyī and experience Supreme Delight.
Important: All that is in brackets and italicized within the translation has been added by me in order to complete the sense of a particular phrase or sentence. In turn, all that is between double hyphen (--...--) constitutes clarifying further information also added by me.
Aphorisms 1-10
३.३.१ उणादयो बहुलम्।
3.3.1 Uṇādayo bahulam|
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३.३.२ भूतेऽपि दृश्यन्ते।
3.3.2 Bhūte'pi dṛśyante|
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३.३.३ भविष्यति गम्यादयः।
3.3.3 Bhaviṣyati gamyādayaḥ|
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३.३.४ यावत्पुरानिपातयोर्लट्।
3.3.4 Yāvatpurānipātayorlaṭ|
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३.३.५ विभाषा कदाकर्ह्योः।
3.3.5 Vibhāṣā kadākarhyoḥ|
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३.३.६ किंवृत्ते लिप्सायाम्।
3.3.6 Kiṁvṛtte lipsāyām|
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३.३.७ लिप्स्यमानसिद्धौ च।
3.3.7 Lipsyamānasiddhau ca|
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३.३.८ लोडर्थलक्षणे च।
3.3.8 Loḍarthalakṣaṇe ca|
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३.३.९ लिङ् चोर्ध्वमौहूर्तिके।
3.3.9 Liṅ cordhvamauhūrtike|
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३.३.१० तुमुन्ण्वुलौ क्रियायां क्रियार्थायाम्।
3.3.10 Tumunṇvulau kriyāyāṁ kriyārthāyām|
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Aphorisms 11-20
३.३.११ भाववचनाश्च।
3.3.11 Bhāvavacanāśca|
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३.३.१२ अण् कर्मणि च।
3.3.12 Aṇ karmaṇi ca|
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३.३.१३ लृट् शेषे च।
3.3.13 Lṛṭ śeṣe ca|
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३.३.१४ लृटः सद् वा।
3.3.14 Lṛṭaḥ sad vā|
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३.३.१५ अनद्यतने लुट्।
3.3.15 Anadyatane luṭ|
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३.३.१६ पदरुजविशस्पृशो घञ्।
3.3.16 Padarujaviśaspṛśo ghañ|
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३.३.१७ सृ स्थिरे।
3.3.17 Sṛ sthire|
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३.३.१८ भावे।
3.3.18 Bhāve|
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३.३.१९ अकर्तरि च कारके सञ्ज्ञायाम्।
3.3.19 Akartari ca kārake sañjñāyām|
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३.३.२० परिमणाख्यायां सर्वेभ्यः।
3.3.20 Parimaṇākhyāyāṁ sarvebhyaḥ|
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Aphorisms 21-30
३.३.२१ इङश्च।
3.3.21 Iṅaśca|
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३.३.२२ उपसर्गे रुवः।
3.3.22 Upasarge ruvaḥ|
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३.३.२३ समि युद्रुदुवः।
3.3.23 Sami yudruduvaḥ|
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३.३.२४ श्रिणीभुवोऽनुपसर्गे।
3.3.24 Śriṇībhuvo'nupasarge|
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३.३.२५ वौ क्षुश्रुवः।
3.3.25 Vau kṣuśruvaḥ|
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३.३.२६ अवोदोर्नियः।
3.3.26 Avodorniyaḥ|
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३.३.२७ प्रे द्रुस्तुस्रुवः।
3.3.27 Pre drustusruvaḥ|
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३.३.२८ निरभ्योः पूल्वोः।
3.3.28 Nirabhyoḥ pūlvoḥ|
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३.३.२९ उन्न्योर्ग्रः।
3.3.29 Unnyorgraḥ|
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३.३.३० कॄ धान्ये।
3.3.30 Kṝ dhānye|
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Aphorisms 31-40
३.३.३१ यज्ञे समि स्तुवः।
3.3.31 Yajñe sami stuvaḥ|
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३.३.३२ प्रे स्त्रोऽयज्ञे।
3.3.32 Pre stro'yajñe|
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३.३.३३ प्रथने वावशब्दे।
3.3.33 Prathane vāvaśabde|
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३.३.३४ छन्दोनाम्नि च।
3.3.34 Chandonāmni ca|
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३.३.३५ उदि ग्रहः।
3.3.35 Udi grahaḥ|
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३.३.३६ समि मुष्टौ।
3.3.36 Sami muṣṭau|
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३.३.३७ परिन्योर्नीणोर्द्यूताभ्रेषयोः।
3.3.37 Parinyornīṇordyūtābhreṣayoḥ|
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३.३.३८ परावनुपात्यय इणः।
3.3.38 Parāvanupātyaya iṇaḥ|
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३.३.३९ व्युपयोः शेतेः पर्याये।
3.3.39 Vyupayoḥ śeteḥ paryāye|
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३.३.४० हस्तादाने चेरस्तेये।
3.3.40 Hastādāne cerasteye|
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Aphorisms 41-50
३.३.४१ निवासचितिशरीरोपसमाधानेष्वादेश्च कः।
3.3.41 Nivāsacitiśarīropasamādhāneṣvādeśca kaḥ|
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३.३.४२ सङ्घे चानौत्तराधर्ये।
3.3.42 Saṅghe cānauttarādharye|
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३.३.४३ कर्मव्यतिहारे णच् स्त्रियाम्।
3.3.43 Karmavyatihāre ṇac striyām|
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३.३.४४ अभिविधौ भाव इनुण्।
3.3.44 Abhividhau bhāva inuṇ|
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३.३.४५ आक्रोशेऽवन्योर्ग्रहः।
3.3.45 Ākrośe'vanyorgrahaḥ|
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३.३.४६ प्रे लिप्सायाम्।
3.3.46 Pre lipsāyām|
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३.३.४७ परौ यज्ञे।
3.3.47 Parau yajñe|
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३.३.४८ नौ वृ धान्ये।
3.3.48 Nau vṛ dhānye|
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३.३.४९ उदि श्रयतियौतिपूद्रुवः।
3.3.49 Udi śrayatiyautipūdruvaḥ|
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३.३.५० विभाषाऽऽङि रुप्लुवोः।
3.3.50 Vibhāṣā''ṅi rupluvoḥ|
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Aphorisms 51-60
३.३.५१ अवे ग्रहो वर्षप्रतिबन्धे।
3.3.51 Ave graho varṣapratibandhe|
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३.३.५२ प्रे वणिजाम्।
3.3.52 Pre vaṇijām|
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३.३.५३ रश्मौ च।
3.3.53 Raśmau ca|
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३.३.५४ वृणोतेराच्छादने।
3.3.54 Vṛṇoterācchādane|
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३.३.५५ परौ भुवोऽवज्ञाने।
3.3.55 Parau bhuvo'vajñāne|
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३.३.५६ एरच्।
3.3.56 Erac|
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३.३.५७ ऋदोरप्।
3.3.57 Ṛdorap|
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३.३.५८ ग्रहवृदृनिश्चिगमश्च।
3.3.58 Grahavṛdṛniścigamaśca|
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३.३.५९ उपसर्गेऽदः।
3.3.59 Upasarge'daḥ|
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३.३.६० नौ ण च।
3.3.60 Nau ṇa ca|
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Aphorisms 61-70
३.३.६१ व्यधजपोरनुपसर्गे।
3.3.61 Vyadhajaporanupasarge|
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३.३.६२ स्वनहसोर्वा।
3.3.62 Svanahasorvā|
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३.३.६३ यमः समुपनिविषु।
3.3.63 Yamaḥ samupaniviṣu|
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३.३.६४ नौ गदनदपठस्वनः।
3.3.64 Nau gadanadapaṭhasvanaḥ|
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३.३.६५ क्वणो वीणायां च।
3.3.65 Kvaṇo vīṇāyāṁ ca|
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३.३.६६ नित्यं पणः परिमाणे।
3.3.66 Nityaṁ paṇaḥ parimāṇe|
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३.३.६७ मदोऽनुपसर्गे।
3.3.67 Mado'nupasarge|
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३.३.६८ प्रमदसम्मदौ हर्षे।
3.3.68 Pramadasammadau harṣe|
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३.३.६९ समुदोरजः पशुषु।
3.3.69 Samudorajaḥ paśuṣu|
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३.३.७० अक्षेषु ग्लहः।
3.3.70 Akṣeṣu glahaḥ|
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Aphorisms 71-80
३.३.७१ प्रजने सर्तेः।
3.3.71 Prajane sarteḥ|
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३.३.७२ ह्वः सम्प्रसारणं च न्यभ्युपविषु।
3.3.72 Hvaḥ samprasāraṇaṁ ca nyabhyupaviṣu|
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३.३.७३ आङि युद्धे।
3.3.73 Āṅi yuddhe|
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३.३.७४ निपानमाहावः।
3.3.74 Nipānamāhāvaḥ|
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३.३.७५ भावेऽनुपसर्गस्य।
3.3.75 Bhāve'nupasargasya|
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३.३.७६ हनश्च वधः।
3.3.76 Hanaśca vadhaḥ|
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३.३.७७ मूर्तौ घनः।
3.3.77 Mūrtau ghanaḥ|
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३.३.७८ अन्तर्घनो देशे।
3.3.78 Antarghano deśe|
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३.३.७९ अगारैकदेशे प्रघणः प्रघाणश्च।
3.3.79 Agāraikadeśe praghaṇaḥ praghāṇaśca|
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३.३.८० उद्घनोऽत्याधानम्।
3.3.80 Udghano'tyādhānam|
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Aphorisms 81-90
३.३.८१ अपघनोऽङ्गम्।
3.3.81 Apaghano'ṅgam|
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३.३.८२ करणेऽयोविद्रुषु।
3.3.82 Karaṇe'yovidruṣu|
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३.३.८३ स्तम्बे क च।
3.3.83 Stambe ka ca|
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३.३.८४ परौ घः।
3.3.84 Parau ghaḥ|
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३.३.८५ उपघ्न आश्रये।
3.3.85 Upaghna āśraye|
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३.३.८६ सङ्घोद्घौ गणप्रशंसयोः।
3.3.86 Saṅghodghau gaṇapraśaṁsayoḥ|
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३.३.८७ निघो निमितम्।
3.3.87 Nigho nimitam|
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३.३.८८ ड्वितः क्त्रिः।
3.3.88 Ḍvitaḥ ktriḥ|
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३.३.८९ ट्वितोऽथुच्।
3.3.89 Ṭvito'thuc|
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३.३.९० यजयाचयतविच्छप्रच्छरक्षो नङ्।
3.3.90 Yajayācayatavicchapraccharakṣo naṅ|
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Aphorisms 91-100
३.३.९१ स्वपो नन्।
3.3.91 Svapo nan|
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३.३.९२ उपसर्गे घोः किः।
3.3.92 Upasarge ghoḥ kiḥ|
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३.३.९३ कर्मण्यधिकरणे च।
3.3.93 Karmaṇyadhikaraṇe ca|
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३.३.९४ स्त्रियां क्तिन्।
3.3.94 Striyāṁ ktin|
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३.३.९५ स्थागापापचां भावे।
3.3.95 Sthāgāpāpacāṁ bhāve|
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३.३.९६ मन्त्रे वृषेषपचमनविदभूवीरा उदात्तः।
3.3.96 Mantre vṛṣeṣapacamanavidabhūvīrā udāttaḥ|
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३.३.९७ ऊतियूतिजूतिसातिहेतिकीर्तयश्च।
3.3.97 Ūtiyūtijūtisātihetikīrtayaśca|
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३.३.९८ व्रजयजोर्भावे क्यप्।
3.3.98 Vrajayajorbhāve kyap|
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३.३.९९ सञ्ज्ञायां समजनिषदनिपतमनविदषुञ्शीङ्भृञिणः।
3.3.99 Sañjñāyāṁ samajaniṣadanipatamanavidaṣuñśīṅbhṛñiṇaḥ|
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३.३.१०० कृञः श च।
3.3.100 Kṛñaḥ śa ca|
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Aphorisms 101-110
३.३.१०१ इच्छा।
3.3.101 Icchā|
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३.३.१०२ अ प्रत्ययात्।
3.3.102 A pratyayāt|
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३.३.१०३ गुरोश्च हलः।
3.3.103 Gurośca halaḥ|
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३.३.१०४ षिद्भिदादिभ्योऽङ्।
3.3.104 Ṣidbhidādibhyo'ṅ|
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३.३.१०५ चिन्तिपूजिकथिकुम्बिचर्चश्च।
3.3.105 Cintipūjikathikumbicarcaśca|
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३.३.१०६ आतश्चोपसर्गे।
3.3.106 Ātaścopasarge|
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३.३.१०७ ण्यासश्रन्थो युच्।
3.3.107 Ṇyāsaśrantho yuc|
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३.३.१०८ रोगाख्यायां ण्वुल् बहुलम्।
3.3.108 Rogākhyāyāṁ ṇvul bahulam|
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३.३.१०९ सञ्ज्ञायाम्।
3.3.109 Sañjñāyām|
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३.३.११० विभाषाऽऽख्यानपरिप्रश्नयोरिञ् च।
3.3.110 Vibhāṣā''khyānaparipraśnayoriñ ca|
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Aphorisms 111-120
३.३.१११ पर्यायार्हर्णोत्पत्तिषु ण्वुच्।
3.3.111 Paryāyārharṇotpattiṣu ṇvuc|
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३.३.११२ आक्रोशे नञ्यनिः।
3.3.112 Ākrośe nañyaniḥ|
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३.३.११३ कृत्यल्युटो बहुलम्।
3.3.113 Kṛtyalyuṭo bahulam|
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३.३.११४ नपुंसके भावे क्तः।
3.3.114 Napuṁsake bhāve ktaḥ|
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३.३.११५ ल्युट् च।
3.3.115 Lyuṭ ca|
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३.३.११६ कर्मणि च येन संस्पर्शात् कर्तुः शरीरसुखम्।
3.3.116 Karmaṇi ca yena saṁsparśāt kartuḥ śarīrasukham|
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३.३.११७ करणाधिकरणयोश्च।
3.3.117 Karaṇādhikaraṇayośca|
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३.३.११८ पुंसि सञ्ज्ञायां घः प्रायेण।
3.3.118 Puṁsi sañjñāyāṁ ghaḥ prāyeṇa|
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३.३.११९ गोचरसञ्चरवहव्रजव्यजापणनिगमाश्च।
3.3.119 Gocarasañcaravahavrajavyajāpaṇanigamāśca|
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३.३.१२० अवे तॄस्त्रोर्घञ्।
3.3.120 Ave tṝstrorghañ|
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Aphorisms 121-130
३.३.१२१ हलश्च।
3.3.121 Halaśca|
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३.३.१२२ अध्यायन्यायोद्यावसंहाराधारावयाश्च।
3.3.122 Adhyāyanyāyodyāvasaṁhārādhārāvayāśca|
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३.३.१२३ उदङ्कोऽनुदके।
3.3.123 Udaṅko'nudake|
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३.३.१२४ जालमानायः।
3.3.124 Jālamānāyaḥ|
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३.३.१२५ खनो घ च।
3.3.125 Khano gha ca|
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३.३.१२६ ईषद्दुःसुषु कृच्छ्राकृच्छ्रार्थेषु खल्।
3.3.126 Īṣadduḥsuṣu kṛcchrākṛcchrārtheṣu khal|
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३.३.१२७ कर्तृकर्मणोश्च भूकृञोः।
3.3.127 Kartṛkarmaṇośca bhūkṛñoḥ|
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३.३.१२८ आतो युच्।
3.3.128 Āto yuc|
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३.३.१२९ छन्दसि गत्यर्थेभ्यः।
3.3.129 Chandasi gatyarthebhyaḥ|
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३.३.१३० अन्येभ्योऽपि दृश्यते।
3.3.130 Anyebhyo'pi dṛśyate|
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Aphorisms 131-140
३.३.१३१ वर्तमानसामीप्ये वर्तमानवद्वा।
3.3.131 Vartamānasāmīpye vartamānavadvā|
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३.३.१३२ आशंसायां भूतवच्च।
3.3.132 Āśaṁsāyāṁ bhūtavacca|
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३.३.१३३ क्षिप्रवचने लृट्।
3.3.133 Kṣipravacane lṛṭ|
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३.३.१३४ आशंसावचने लिङ्।
3.3.134 Āśaṁsāvacane liṅ|
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३.३.१३५ नानद्यतनवत् क्रियाप्रबन्धसामीप्ययोः।
3.3.135 Nānadyatanavat kriyāprabandhasāmīpyayoḥ|
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३.३.१३६ भविष्यति मर्यादावचनेऽवरस्मिन्।
3.3.136 Bhaviṣyati maryādāvacane'varasmin|
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३.३.१३७ कालविभागे चानहोरात्राणाम्।
3.3.137 Kālavibhāge cānahorātrāṇām|
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३.३.१३८ परस्मिन् विभाषा।
3.3.138 Parasmin vibhāṣā|
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३.३.१३९ लिङ्निमित्ते लृङ् क्रियाऽतिपत्तौ।
3.3.139 Liṅnimitte lṛṅ kriyā'tipattau|
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३.३.१४० भूते च।
3.3.140 Bhūte ca|
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Aphorisms 141-150
३.३.१४१ वोताप्योः।
3.3.141 Votāpyoḥ|
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३.३.१४२ गर्हायां लडपिजात्वोः।
3.3.142 Garhāyāṁ laḍapijātvoḥ|
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३.३.१४३ विभाषा कथमि लिङ् च।
3.3.143 Vibhāṣā kathami liṅ ca|
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३.३.१४४ किंवृत्ते लिङ्लृटौ।
3.3.144 Kiṁvṛtte liṅlṛṭau|
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३.३.१४५ अनवकॢप्त्यमर्षयोरकिंवृत्ते अपि।
3.3.145 Anavakḷptyamarṣayorakiṁvṛtte api|
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३.३.१४६ किङ्किलास्त्यर्थेषु लृट्।
3.3.146 Kiṅkilāstyartheṣu lṛṭ|
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३.३.१४७ जातुयदोर्लिङ्।
3.3.147 Jātuyadorliṅ|
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३.३.१४८ यच्चयत्रयोः।
3.3.148 Yaccayatrayoḥ|
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३.३.१४९ गर्हायां च।
3.3.149 Garhāyāṁ ca|
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३.३.१५० चित्रीकरणे च।
3.3.150 citrīkaraṇe ca|
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Aphorisms 151-160
३.३.१५१ शेषे लृडयदौ।
3.3.151 Śeṣe lṛḍayadau|
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३.३.१५२ उताप्योः समर्थयोर्लिङ्।
3.3.152 Utāpyoḥ samarthayorliṅ|
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३.३.१५३ कामप्रवेदनेऽकच्चिति।
3.3.153 Kāmapravedane'kacciti|
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३.३.१५४ सम्भवानेऽलमिति चेत् सिद्धाप्रयोगे।
3.3.154 Sambhavāne'lamiti cet siddhāprayoge|
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३.३.१५५ विभाषा धातौ सम्भावनवचनेऽयदि।
3.3.155 Vibhāṣā dhātau sambhāvanavacane'yadi|
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३.३.१५६ हेतुहेतुमतोर्लिङ्।
3.3.156 Hetuhetumatorliṅ|
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३.३.१५७ इच्छार्थेषु लिङ्लोटौ।
3.3.157 Icchārtheṣu liṅloṭau|
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३.३.१५८ समानकर्तृकेषु तुमुन्।
3.3.158 Samānakartṛkeṣu tumun|
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३.३.१५९ लिङ् च।
3.3.159 Liṅ ca|
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३.३.१६० इच्छार्थेभ्यो विभाषा वर्तमाने।
3.3.160 Icchārthebhyo vibhāṣā vartamāne|
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Aphorisms 161-170
३.३.१६१ विधिनिमन्त्रणामन्त्रण अधीष्टसम्प्रश्नप्रार्थनेषु लिङ्।
3.3.161 Vidhinimantraṇāmantraṇa adhīṣṭasampraśnaprārthaneṣu liṅ|
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३.३.१६२ लोट् च।
3.3.162 Loṭ ca|
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३.३.१६३ प्रैषातिसर्गप्राप्तकालेषु कृत्याश्च।
3.3.163 Praiṣātisargaprāptakāleṣu kṛtyāśca|
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३.३.१६४ लिङ् चोर्ध्वमौहूर्तिके।
3.3.164 Liṅ cordhvamauhūrtike|
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३.३.१६५ स्मे लोट्।
3.3.165 Sme loṭ|
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३.३.१६६ अधीष्टे च।
3.3.166 Adhīṣṭe ca|
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३.३.१६७ कालसमयवेलासु तुमुन्।
3.3.167 Kālasamayavelāsu tumun|
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३.३.१६८ लिङ् यदि।
3.3.168 Liṅ yadi|
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३.३.१६९ अर्हे कृत्यतृचश्च।
3.3.169 Arhe kṛtyatṛcaśca|
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३.३.१७० आवश्यकाधमर्ण्ययोर्णिनिः।
3.3.170 Āvaśyakādhamarṇyayorṇiniḥ|
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Aphorisms 171-176
३.३.१७१ कृत्याश्च।
3.3.171 Kṛtyāśca|
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३.३.१७२ शकि लिङ् च।
3.3.172 Śaki liṅ ca|
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३.३.१७३ आशिषि लिङ्लोटौ।
3.3.173 Āśiṣi liṅloṭau|
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३.३.१७४ क्तिच्क्तौ च सञ्ज्ञायाम्।
3.3.174 Kticktau ca sañjñāyām|
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३.३.१७५ माङि लुङ्।
3.3.175 Māṅi luṅ|
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३.३.१७६ स्मोत्तरे लङ् च।
3.3.176 Smottare laṅ ca|
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EXPLANATION IS IN PROGRESS WITH NO POLISHING YET
Further Information
This document was conceived by Gabriel Pradīpaka, one of the two founders of this site, and spiritual guru conversant with Sanskrit language and Trika philosophy.
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